Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41899806›Full record

ReviewBioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)2026

Extracellular Vesicles in Ophthalmology: From Natural Nanocarriers to Engineered Therapeutics.

Christopher Flores, Fabiana Mastantuono, Lu Huang, Tina B McKay, Grace M Coyne, Brenna Hefley, Brenda Vasini, Dimitrios Karamichos, Menglu Yang

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Christopher FloresDepartment of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
Fabiana MastantuonoDepartment of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
Lu HuangDepartment of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3171-4631
Tina B McKayMass General Brigham Department of Anesthesiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
Grace M CoyneDepartment of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.ORCID 0009-0005-9586-3830
Brenna HefleyNorth Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8953-5102
Brenda VasiniNorth Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA.
Dimitrios KaramichosNorth Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8761-3824
Menglu YangDepartment of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3264-7194

Funding

Non-invasive Electrical Stimulation as a Therapy for Diabetic KeratopathyR56EY037692 · SCHEPENS EYE RESEARCH INSTITUTE · 2025 to 2025
$896k
Lacrimal Gland Repair Using Progenitor CellsR01EY026202 · SCRIPPS RESEARCH INSTITUTE, THE · 2025 to 2025
$422k
Connors BWH-MGB Collaborative IGNITE Award NANEI NIH HHS R01EY026202NEI NIH HHS R56EY037692
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are increasingly recognized as programmable bioactive carriers in non-viral gene delivery and adaptable bioengineering platforms. Beyond their roles as natural nanocarriers in intercellular communication, EVs can promote ocular surface repair and retinal neuroprotection with potential for low immunogenicity and high biocompatibility. Bioengineering now enables cargo encapsulation, surface targeting, and integration of EVs with biomaterial platforms to enhance tissue penetration, retention, and precision delivery. The emergence of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived EVs (iMSC-EVs) offers improved batch uniformity and potential for personalized therapy. However, progress hinges on resolving knowledge gaps in ocular EV biology, standardizing isolation and storage, scaling reproducible manufacturing, and executing focused clinical trials. We synthesize the current developments and outline how EVs are moving from biological mediators to engineered therapeutics to accelerate the translation of EV diagnostics and therapeutics for eye diseases.

Indexed as

drug deliveryEV storageextracellular vesiclesgene therapymimetic vesiclesocular diseasessurface modificationsynthetic vesicles

Identifiers

PMID41899806
PMCPMC13024458

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.