Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41901770›Full record

ArticlePathogens (Basel, Switzerland)2026

Survey of Antimicrobial-Resistant Bacteria Isolated from Rivers in Japan, Indonesia and Nepal.

Kayo Osawa, Ryohei Nomoto, Takashi Suzuki, Taishi Maeda, Ganesh Rai, Shouhiro Kinoshita, Noriko Nakanishi, Dadik Raharjo, Masanori Kameoka, Masato Fujisawa and 3 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Kayo OsawaDepartment of Medical Technology, Kobe Tokiwa University, Kobe 653-0838, Japan.ORCID 0000-0002-4787-4333
Ryohei NomotoDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Kobe Institute of Health, Kobe 650-0046, Japan.ORCID 0000-0002-5024-9520
Takashi SuzukiDepartment of Medical Technology, Kobe Tokiwa University, Kobe 653-0838, Japan.ORCID 0000-0002-4697-8392
Taishi MaedaDepartment of Medical Technology, Kobe Tokiwa University, Kobe 653-0838, Japan.
Ganesh RaiDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Shi-Gan International College of Science and Technology, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal.
Shouhiro KinoshitaDivision of Advanced Medical Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe 650-0017, Japan.
Noriko NakanishiDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Kobe Institute of Health, Kobe 650-0046, Japan.ORCID 0000-0002-3088-1254
Dadik RaharjoInstitute of Tropical Disease, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60286, Indonesia.
Masanori KameokaDepartment of Public Health, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe 654-0142, Japan.ORCID 0000-0001-5525-9915
Masato FujisawaDivision of Urology, Department of Organ Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan.
Shiba Kumar RaiDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Shi-Gan International College of Science and Technology, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal.
Kuntaman KuntamanInstitute of Tropical Disease, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60286, Indonesia.ORCID 0000-0003-4897-8879
Toshiro ShirakawaDivision of Advanced Medical Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe 650-0017, Japan.ORCID 0000-0003-3925-8730

Funding

Tahir Professorship of Airlangga University 1149/UN3/2018the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED) 25wm0125009h0006the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED) JP25fk0108664
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The threat of antimicrobial resistance in aquatic environments, particularly riverine systems, is escalating, in part due to effluents discharged from healthcare facilities. This issue has been recognized not only in Japan but also in other Asian countries such as Indonesia and Nepal. Nevertheless, existing research remains limited, prompting an investigation into the prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in the upstream and downstream sites of environmental rivers. In 2024, six samples were collected from three rivers in Hyogo Prefecture, Japan; five samples from five river sites in Indonesia; and three samples from downstream sites of rivers in Kathmandu, Nepal. These samples were subjected to selective culture-based Next Generation Sequencing and resistome analyses, based exclusively on the selective culture of bacteria propagated on CHROMagar ESBL plates. In Japan and Indonesia,

Indexed as

BacteriaDrug Resistance, BacterialMedical Waste DisposalRiversHealth FacilitiesIndonesiaJapanNepalMedical Waste Disposalantimicrobial resistance (AMR)antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs)antimicrobial-resistant bacteria (ARB)environmental riverOne Health approachresistome analysisselective culture–based Next Generation Sequencing analysis (scNGS analysis)

Identifiers

PMID41901770
PMCPMC13028957

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.