Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41902060›Full record

ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2026

Sensing Cognitive Responses Through a Non-Invasive Brain-Computer Interface.

Hristo Hristov, Zlatogor Minchev, Mitko Shoshev, Irina Kancheva, Veneta Koleva, Teodor Vakarelsky, Kalin Dimitrov, Dimiter Prodanov

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Hristo HristovInstitute of Information and Communication Technologies, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
Zlatogor MinchevInstitute of Information and Communication Technologies, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.ORCID 0000-0003-2479-5496
Mitko ShoshevPlovdiv University "Paisii Hilendarski", 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria.ORCID 0000-0001-8874-0350
Irina KanchevaInstitute of Information and Communication Technologies, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.ORCID 0009-0000-1853-0091
Veneta KolevaHigh School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences "Acad. Nikola Obreshkov", 8000 Burgas, Bulgaria.
Teodor VakarelskyInstitute of Information and Communication Technologies, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
Kalin DimitrovFaculty of Telecommunications, Technical University of Sofia, 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria.
Dimiter ProdanovInstitute of Information and Communication Technologies, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.ORCID 0000-0001-8694-0535

Funding

European Union's Horizon Europe program under grant agreement VIBraTE 101086815
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cognitive stress, also known as mental workload, constitutes a central topic within the field of psychophysiology due to its role in modulating attention, autonomic regulation, and stress reactivity. Furthermore, it bears direct relevance to practical monitoring systems that employ non-invasive sensing techniques. This study investigates whether a multimodal, non-invasive measurement setup can detect systematic physiological differences between Resting periods and short episodes of cognitive load within the same individuals. Additionally, it explores the capacity of such a system to differentiate tasks characterized by varying cognitive demands. A sequential, within-subject protocol was employed, comprising five consecutive phases (rest 1, Stroop, rest 12, subtraction, rest 3), during which five modalities were recorded concurrently: EEG, heart rate (HR), galvanic skin response (GSR), facial surface temperature, and oxygen saturation (SpO

Indexed as

CognitionAdultBrain-Computer InterfacesElectroencephalographyFaceFemaleGalvanic Skin ResponseHeart RateHumansMaleSkin TemperatureEEG alpha/theta ratiomental workloadmultimodal physiological sensingnon-invasive brain–computer interface (BCI)repeated-measures ANOVA

Identifiers

PMID41902060
PMCPMC13030349

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.