ArticleBMC complementary medicine and therapies2026
Establishing a consensus on the clinical assessment of Hippocratic temperaments in the French-speaking naturopathic community: a Delphi study.
Article in BMC complementary medicine and therapies, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundThe concept of Hippocratic temperaments is widely used in Europe for naturopathic clinical assessment. However, there is currently no consensus model for understanding the application of Hippocratic temperaments in this context, although this would seem to be an essential step towards the scientific evaluation of this traditional humoral theory. The aim of this study is to reach a consensus on how French-speaking naturopaths currently define the concept of temperament, apply humoral theory and characterize the four Hippocratic temperaments in naturopathic assessment.
methodsA Delphi study was conducted over a 19-month period in four rounds with 66 expert panelists. Consensus was defined as a median value of 75% or greater agreement with the relevant statement.
resultsConsensus was met with 217 statements describing the concept of temperament and the four temperaments in terms of psycho-emotional dimension, behavior, physiology, morphology and susceptibility to disease.
conclusionsThis data highlights the relevance of this model for French-speaking practitioners, while also illustrating the major potential of such a holistic approach to health prevention, individualized care and interdisciplinary work. Although further research phases are still required, it is our intention that these results will contribute to creating a scientific assessment tool.
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