ArticleFrontiers in medicine2026
Handgrip strength as an indicator of psychological status in hospitalized intensive care unit patients: a cross-sectional study.
Article in Frontiers in medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Anxiety and depression are common among intensive care unit (ICU) patients, yet routine bedside assessment can be challenging. Whether handgrip strength can serve as a practical indicator of anxiety and depression in the ICU remains unclear. Methods: We consecutively enrolled patients admitted to the cardiac intensive care unit (CICU) of a large public hospital in South China between July 2022 and October 2023. Handgrip strength was measured using a calibrated dynamometer, and anxiety and depression were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Logistic regression was used to examine associations between handgrip strength and anxiety/depression adjusting for relevant covariates. Results: A total of 308 CICU inpatients were ultimately included in this cross-sectional analysis. The median age was 60 years (IQR: 50-69), and mean handgrip strength was 29.5 ± 11.3 kg. In multivariate logistic regression, lower handgrip strength was independently associated with anxiety (OR: 0.94 [95% CI: 0.90-0.98]) and depression (OR: 0.94 [95% CI: 0.90-0.99]). In addition, administration of sedatives was associated with high odds of anxiety (OR: 2.24 [95% CI: 1.16-4.31]). Strengths and limitations: Multivariate logistic regression was used to adjust for potential confounding factors. As a single-center cross-sectional study, selection and center-specific biases were unavoidable; further details are provided in the Limitations and Future Directions section. Conclusions: Handgrip strength is a non-invasive, readily accessible measure that may help identify patients at risk of anxiety and depression in the ICU. Potential mechanisms include impaired self-efficacy and inflammatory activation. Future studies should validate predictive thresholds and clarify temporal and mechanistic relationships.
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