ArticleFrontiers in oncology2026
Molecular typing of stage IB non-small-cell lung cancer for precision medicine.
Article in Frontiers in oncology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Background: The optimal postoperative management of stage IB non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains controversial due to significant heterogeneity. This study aimed to establish a molecular classification for stage IB NSCLC to guide precision medicine. Methods: We performed consensus clustering of transcriptomic profiles from TCGA-NSCLC (training set, n=119) and validated in GSE31210 (n=53). Molecular subtypes were compared with stage IA/II patients for clinical significance. Differentially expressed genes were analyzed using LASSO regression to identify biomarkers. Functional studies were conducted using patient-derived organoids (PDOs), cell lines, and tissue specimens. Results: Stage IB NSCLC was divided into two subtypes (IB1 and IB2) with significantly different disease-free survival (DFS). IB1 patients showed DFS similar to stage IA, while IB2 patients exhibited DFS comparable to stage II (especially IIB). Carboxypeptidase D (CPD) was identified as a key biomarker capable of distinguishing high- and low-risk patients (AUC=0.874 in validation). CPD was overexpressed in tumor tissues and promoted proliferation and migration in PDOs and cell lines. Conclusion: This molecular classification effectively stratifies stage IB NSCLC into low-risk (IB1, observation suitable) and high-risk (IB2, adjuvant therapy warranted) subgroups. CPD serves as a promising biomarker for clinical risk stratification.
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