ReviewNeuropsychiatric disease and treatment2026
Review and Update of Anesthetic Management for Electroconvulsive Therapy: A Narrative Review.
Review in Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- The postictal systems window hypothesis of electroconvulsive therapy in major depression.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a well-established treatment for severe psychiatric disorders, and its role in modern-day psychiatry continues to expand with rising rates of complex mental illnesses. ECT has proven to be an effective treatment for conditions such as treatment-resistant depression, catatonia, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and other serious mental health disorders. Individuals who are resistant to or have contraindications against conventional pharmacologic therapies can particularly benefit from ECT. The procedure involves inducing a brief and controlled generalized seizure by passing an electrical stimulus through a patient's cerebral cortex. The safety of ECT was historically an area of concern due to injuries from the involuntary convulsions during the induced seizure. The use of general anesthesia and adjunct muscle-relaxing agents has made ECT considerably safer in the modern day. The goal of anesthesia in ECT is to induce a quick sedation with adequate depth, to prevent pain and injury from convulsions, and to provide a targeted amnesia. However, many anesthetic agents also function as anticonvulsants and consequently can affect the seizure threshold. The benefits of ECT are inextricably linked to the quality and duration of the induced seizure, therefore, careful consideration must be given to the choice of anesthetic. Alongside its effects on seizure threshold, anesthesia can also affect hemodynamic stability, cardiovascular response, and even the recovery course following ECT. Furthermore, special populations such as elderly patients, pregnant individuals, or those with significant comorbidities require an individual-based approach to anesthetic management. Ultimately, the choice of anesthetic plays an integral role in the therapeutic benefit of ECT. Therefore, strategic management of the anesthetic component of the procedure is critical in improving patient outcomes. This narrative review intends to analyze the dynamic role of anesthesia in ECT by synthesizing current clinical evidence on physiologic changes, pharmacodynamics, procedure optimization, and management of comorbidities and complications.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.