Transdermal needle-free drug delivery approaches and activation mechanism.

Apoorva Sasikala, Du Tuan Tran, Jun Zhang, Nam-Trung Nguyen

Abstract readReview

In one paragraph

Review in Materials today. Bio, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Apoorva SasikalaQueensland Quantum and Advanced Technologies Research Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia.

Du Tuan TranQueensland Quantum and Advanced Technologies Research Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia.

Jun ZhangQueensland Quantum and Advanced Technologies Research Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia.

Nam-Trung NguyenQueensland Quantum and Advanced Technologies Research Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The evolution of transdermal drug delivery (TDD) systems has transformed non-invasive drug delivery by improving safety, precision, and patient compliance. While conventional TDD methods face challenges with penetration efficiency and dosage control, needle-free transdermal drug delivery technologies are emerging as a promising alternative. This review critically examines recent advancements in transdermal needle-free drug delivery technologies, focusing on different physical penetration methods and activation mechanisms such as spring-based, gas-driven, electrochemical, piezoelectric, laser-induced and electromagnetic approaches, which generate sufficient force for increasing the penetration ability of the drugs through the stratum corneum. The paper also discusses the implications of these technologies for wearable and personalised healthcare, highlighting future directions for clinical translation and real-world deployment.

Indexed as

Activation mechanismsCavitationNeedle-free injectionPermeation enhancersSkinTransdermal drug delivery

Identifiers

PMID41909222

DOI10.1016/j.mtbio.2026.103002

PMCPMC13019593

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.