ArticlePaediatric and perinatal epidemiology2026
Haemoglobin Concentrations and Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes: Identifying Optimal Haemoglobin Ranges.
Article in Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- When More Is Not Better: A Balanced View of Haemoglobin Concentrations During Pregnancy.Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology · 2026Article
- Haemoglobin Concentrations and Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes: Identifying Optimal Haemoglobin Ranges.Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundBoth low and high haemoglobin (Hb) concentrations associate with increased risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes, with the optimal Hb concentrations remaining elusive.
objectivesThis study investigated the associations between Hb concentrations and maternal/neonatal outcomes and determined optimal Hb ranges during the second and third trimesters.
methodsRetrospectively, data from 41,956 singleton live births delivered at Fuyang Women and Children's Hospital, a tertiary hospital in China, from 2018 to 2023, were analysed. Poisson regression with restricted cubic splines was employed to associate Hb concentrations with maternal (gestational diabetes mellitus [GDM], preeclampsia, and postpartum haemorrhage [PPH]) and neonatal outcomes (preterm birth [PTB], small for gestational age [SGA] birth, and neonatal asphyxia), applying generalised estimating equations to account for repeated measures. Optimal Hb ranges were determined using interquartile ranges from a low-risk subgroup and thresholds identified via the combined risk curve method, incorporating PPH and neonatal outcomes.
resultsA total of 120,263 Hb measurements were analysed. U-shaped relationships emerged between Hb concentration and preeclampsia, PPH, PTB, SGA and neonatal asphyxia, whereas that with GDM was nearly linear. These patterns were consistent in both the second and third trimesters. The optimal ranges of 10.6-11.8 and 10.7-12.1 g/dL were identified by the low-risk subgroup approach for the second and third trimesters, respectively, whereas those by the combined risk curve method yielded slightly broader ranges of 9.6-11.7 g/dL and 9.9-12.0 g/dL, respectively.
conclusionsThe findings of this study reveal U-shaped relationships between maternal Hb concentrations and maternal/neonatal outcomes, with 10.5-12.5 g/dL as the optimal Hb concentration during the second and third trimesters, considering combined risks and clinical feasibility. Future multicentre studies are warranted to validate these ranges in broader populations.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.