Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41910930›Full record

ArticleEpilepsia2026

Functional connectivity in self-limited epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes increases with epilepsy duration and interictal spike exposure.

Marie E Vasitas, Miguel S Menchaca, Beatrice S Goad, Xiwei She, Christopher Lee-Messer, Zihuai He, Fiona M Baumer

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Epilepsia, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Marie E VasitasDepartment of Neurology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0492-6655
Miguel S MenchacaDepartment of Neurology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1227-8718
Beatrice S GoadMelbourne University Medical School, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3210-0447
Xiwei SheDepartment of Neurology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6446-2031
Christopher Lee-MesserDepartment of Neurology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2938-6184
Zihuai HeDepartment of Neurology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8220-4183
Fiona M BaumerDepartment of Neurology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9162-9458

Funding

Speaking of Spikes: Connectivity and Language in Benign Epilepsy with Centrotemporal SpikesK23NS116110 · NINDS · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI BAUMER, FIONA MITCHELL · 2020 to 2024
$1.1M
Doris Duke Charitable FoundationNINDS NIH HHS K23 NS116110NINDS NIH HHS K23NS116110O'Farrel-Principe FamilyRita Allen FoundationSchool of Medicine, Stanford UniversityStanford Maternal and Child Health Research InstituteWu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo determine whether persistent exposure to interictal spikes is associated with progressive changes in functional connectivity in children with self-limited epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (SeLECTS).

methodsConnectivity was calculated from electroencephalograms (EEGs) of 68 children with SeLECTS and 65 age- and sex-matched controls using the weighted phase lag index. First, we assessed whether connectivity increased with longer epilepsy duration, categorizing duration based on time since first seizure (less vs. greater than 6 months). Second, in a subset of 19 SeLECTS children with repeated EEGs, we assessed whether trajectory of connectivity over time differed based on persistence versus resolution of spikes. Connectivity during sleep and wakefulness was examined separately.

resultsDuring sleep, connectivity was lowest in controls, intermediate in patients with recent onset epilepsy, and highest in those with longer epilepsy duration. Elevations in connectivity were greatest within the right occipital region at onset and became more widespread with longer epilepsy duration, especially increasing in the left temporal region. During wakefulness, connectivity in recent onset epilepsy trended lower than controls, whereas longer duration epilepsy trended higher, such that the two epilepsy groups differed significantly from each other but not from controls. In the cohort of children with repeated EEGs, patients with persistent spikes showed increasing connectivity over time in sleep, whereas those with spike resolution demonstrated decreasing connectivity over time. There were no significant changes in awake connectivity over time regardless of spike persistence or resolution. SIGNIFICANCE: Functional connectivity in SeLECTS increases progressively with longer duration of spike exposure, suggesting that ongoing spikes drive neural network alterations. Spikes are a potential treatment target to prevent progressive brain network disruption and preserve cognitive outcomes.

Indexed as

BrainEpilepsy, RolandicNerve NetAdolescentChildChild, PreschoolElectroencephalographyFemaleHumansMaleNeural PathwaysSleepTime FactorsWakefulnessbenign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS)childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (CECTS)functional connectivityinterictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs)Rolandic epilepsyself‐limited epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (SeLECTS)

Identifiers

PMID41910930
PMCPMC13360930

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.