Evidence mapPaperPMID 41911207Full record

ArticlePloS one2026

Temporal-spatial trends in childbirth in Ontario, Canada.

Steven Habbous, John W Snelgrove, Michaela A Smith, Grace Miao, Alysha Dingwall-Harvey, Stephen Petersen, Anna Lambrinos, David Nguyen, Prakesh S Shah, Erik Hellsten

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in PloS one, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Steven HabbousOntario Health (Strategic Analytics), Toronto, Ontario, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9650-9105
John W SnelgroveDepartment of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Mt Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Michaela A SmithBORN Ontario, Ontario, Canada.
Grace MiaoBORN Ontario, Ontario, Canada.
Alysha Dingwall-HarveyBORN Ontario, Ontario, Canada.
Stephen PetersenOntario Health (Strategic Analytics), Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Anna LambrinosOntario Health (Strategic Analytics), Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
David NguyenDepartment of Anesthesia, Scarborough Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Prakesh S ShahOntario Health (Strategic Analytics), Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Erik HellstenOntario Health (Strategic Analytics), Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionThe importance of understanding the continuum of care throughout the perinatal/postpartum periods is important for health system monitoring and quality improvement. In this study, we take a broad-ranging and longitudinal perspective to examining long-term changes in obstetric care.

methodsThis is a retrospective population-based study including all liveborn deliveries from 2010-2023 in Ontario, Canada. We used the hospital Discharge Abstract Database to link delivery and newborn abstracts. We report year-over-year changes in socio-demographics, clinical factors, care patterns, and perinatal and postpartum outcomes.

resultsThe number of in-hospital births decreased from 133,957 in 2010-127,660 in 2023. Over the study period, delivery age increased from a mean 30.6 years (SD 5.5) in 2010 to 32.2 (SD 4.9) in 2023 and there was at least a doubling in the proportion of persons who delivered having preexisting/gestational diabetes (5.6% in 2010, 11.1% in 2023), obesity (1.6% in 2010, 4.6% in 2023), pre-eclampsia/eclampsia (1.1% in 2010, 2.6% in 2023), liver disorders (0.43% in 2010; 1.16% in 2023), and other diseases (4.9% in 2010, 10.7% in 2023), p < 0.0001 for all. The proportion of deliveries performed via C-section increased over time (29.3% in 2010, 34.6% in 2023) but the median length-of-stay decreased 2.68% year-over-year. Use of epidural increased non-linearly over the study period and was less likely at lower-volume hospitals. Although uncommon (<5%), the rate of obstetric trauma and birth trauma increased over the study period, regardless of the mode of delivery (p < 0.0001). Six-month mortality did not change over the study period after delivery, while infant mortality decreased (0.35% in 2010 to 0.26% in 2023). We also observed substantial hospital-level variation in utility of services including midwifery care and access to epidural.

conclusionOver the last 14 years, we found an increasing incidence of people giving birth at an older age and having complicating clinical characteristics at the time of delivery.

Indexed as

Delivery, ObstetricParturitionAdultFemaleHumansInfant, NewbornOntarioPregnancyRetrospective Studies

Identifiers

PMID41911207
PMCPMC13035117

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.