Evidence mapPaperPMID 41911216Full record

ArticlePloS one2026

Exploring prenatal care experiences in Ontario, Canada: An equity-oriented qualitative study.

Zeenat Ladak, Muzzammil Hooda, Tolulope Ojo, Daphne To, Rochelle Simmons, Jennifer Shuldiner, Ummul-Kiram Patrawala, Emily Nicholas Angl, Celia Laur, Mehdiya Hemani and 3 more

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Article in PloS one, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

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No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Zeenat LadakUniversity of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8904-3186
Muzzammil HoodaWestern University, London, Ontario, Canada.
Tolulope OjoUniversity of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Daphne ToUniversity of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6700-3383
Rochelle SimmonsWomen's College Hospital Institute for Health System Solutions & Virtual Care, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5930-3946
Jennifer ShuldinerUniversity of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Ummul-Kiram PatrawalaThe World of my Baby (WOMB) Clinic, Milton, Ontario, Canada.
Emily Nicholas AnglWomen's College Hospital Institute for Health System Solutions & Virtual Care, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Celia LaurUniversity of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Mehdiya HemaniDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mackenzie Health Hospitals, Vaughan, Ontario, Canada.
Olesya FalenchukUniversity of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Richard VolpeUniversity of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Noah M IversUniversity of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionThe extent to which prenatal care is equity-oriented significantly influences patient satisfaction, care-seeking decisions, and health outcomes for both parent and newborn. The social determinants of health shape care experiences, disproportionately affecting marginalized populations (e.g., low-income, rural, racial minorities). This study explores prenatal patients' care experiences and examines the impact of health inequities on these experiences.

methodsThis patient-partner-oriented, cross-sectional, qualitative study was guided by Cochrane's PROGRESS-Plus equity framework and carried out using a pragmatist paradigm. Purposeful, maximum variation sampling recruited individuals in Ontario, Canada who had been pregnant or experienced pregnancy loss within the last 12 months. Participants completed a 5-minute sociodemographic survey and a 1-hour semi-structured interview on their prenatal care experiences and equity impacts. Analysis included descriptive statistics, and inductive and deductive content analysis.

resultsThis study included 18 participants, half identifying as racial minorities. All participants interacted with a healthcare professional during pregnancy; most were followed by a primary care physician (n = 16), half by an obstetrician (n = 9), half by a nurse (n = 9), and/or eight by a midwife. Qualitative findings included experiences in accessing care ranging from feelings of powerlessness to continuity of care challenges, influenced by geographical and financial barriers. In addition, experiences of patient-centered care encompassed empathetic practitioners, validation of concerns, and power dynamics, influenced by discrimination and advocacy for personalized support.

conclusionsThis study offers an in depth understanding of experiences that have the potential to improve pregnancy care including targeted access to health services in remote areas, diminishing patient-provider hierarchies, culturally-sensitive care approaches for trust-building, and community engagement. Findings can inform healthcare professionals and policymakers about patients' expectations of equity-oriented prenatal care.

Indexed as

Healthcare DisparitiesPrenatal CareAccess to Primary CareAdultCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHealth EquityHumansOntarioPatient SatisfactionPregnancyQualitative ResearchYoung Adult

Identifiers

PMID41911216
PMCPMC13035144

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.