Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41911534›Full record

ArticleACS nano2026

Combination mRNA Vaccine Adjuvanted with CpG Oligodeoxynucleotides Enhances Protection against Respiratory Virus Infection.

Lingyan Cui, Sibo Zhang, Yarong Zeng, Limin Zhang, Min Lin, Minqing Hong, Huiqing Chen, Hong Wang, Wenhui Xue, Miaolin Lan and 13 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in ACS nano, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

23 authors.

Lingyan CuiState Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
Sibo ZhangState Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
Yarong ZengState Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
Limin ZhangState Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
Min LinState Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
Minqing HongState Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
Huiqing ChenState Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
Hong WangState Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
Wenhui XueState Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
Miaolin LanState Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
Hongjing LiuState Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
Ying GaoState Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
Hai LiState Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
Yifan YinState Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.ORCID 0009-0005-0944-8797
Huizheng ZhangState Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
Zizheng ZhengState Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
Yixin ChenState Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.ORCID 0000-0002-9591-634X
Junyu ChenState Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
Yali ZhangState Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
Ying GuState Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
Tingting LiState Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
Shaowei LiState Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.ORCID 0000-0002-3374-1038
Ningshao XiaState Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.ORCID 0000-0003-0179-5266

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The concurrent circulation of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), influenza virus, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) has caused severe coinfections, posing significant public health threats. Developing individual vaccines for these respiratory viruses is hindered by waning immunity and rapid viral mutations. A combination mRNA vaccine streamlines development and administration, reduces healthcare burdens, and offers convenient, compliance-enhancing protection against seasonal illnesses. Here, we present SIR, an 8-valent combination mRNA vaccine designed to simultaneously target SARS-CoV-2, influenza, and RSV. SIR was further optimized into SIRC by incorporating the TLR-9 agonist CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODN) 1018. SIRC induces robust binding and neutralizing antibodies against all three viruses, stimulates Th1-biased antigen-specific T-cell responses, and generates CD4

Indexed as

Adjuvants, VaccineCOVID-19mRNA VaccinesOligodeoxyribonucleotidesRespiratory Syncytial Virus InfectionsAdjuvants, ImmunologicAnimalsAntibodies, ViralFemaleHumansInfluenza A Virus, H1N1 SubtypeMiceMice, Inbred BALB COrthomyxoviridae InfectionsRespiratory Syncytial VirusesRespiratory Syncytial Virus VaccinesAdjuvants, ImmunologicAdjuvants, VaccineAntibodies, ViralCPG-oligonucleotidemRNA VaccinesOligodeoxyribonucleotidesRespiratory Syncytial Virus VaccinesToll-Like Receptor Agonistscombination mRNA vaccineCpG oligodeoxynucleotides 1018 adjuvantlipid nanoparticle (LNP)respiratory virusesTh1 immune response

Identifiers

PMID41911534
PMCPMC13085855

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.