Evidence mapPaperPMID 41913103Full record

ArticleBMC cardiovascular disorders2026

Variability of SBP and cardiovascular outcomes in hypertensive patients.

Subin Lim, Soon Jun Hong, Cheol Woong Yu, Yong Hyun Kim, Eung Ju Kim, Hyung Joon Joo

Abstract readMulticenter Study
In one paragraph

Article in BMC cardiovascular disorders, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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2 · The registry

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Subin LimDivision of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
Soon Jun HongDepartment of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 73, Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Korea.
Cheol Woong YuDepartment of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 73, Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Korea.
Yong Hyun KimDivision of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea.
Eung Ju KimDivision of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
Hyung Joon JooDepartment of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 73, Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Korea. drjoohj@korea.ac.kr.

Funding

Korean Cardiac Research Foundation 202303-03
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundVisit-to-visit variability (VVV) in blood pressure (BP) has been linked to adverse cardiovascular outcomes, but the number of measurements needed for reliable assessment is unclear. This study aimed to determine the minimum number of systolic BP (SBP) readings required to quantify VVV and predict major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients with hypertension.

methodsWe have conducted a multicenter retrospective cohort study using electronic health records of the Korea University Medical Center database. Overall, data from 4,480 patients with hypertension who had more than nine BP readings during a maximum period of 2 years were identified. This study used the coefficient of variation (CV) for analysis of variability and its correlation with MACE over a 3-year follow-up.

resultsThe area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) for MACE prediction plateaued at around 0.60 with five readings, indicating minimal gain with additional readings. The mean CV that best predicted the 3-year MACE for five SBP readings was 8.2. Patients with high SBP variability (CV > 8, based on five readings) had a hazard ratio of 1.89 (95% confidence interval, 1.48–2.41) for 3-year MACE, compared with those with low SBP variability. In multivariable analysis, high SBP variability remained an independent risk factor of MACE.

conclusionTo conclude, a minimum of five SBP readings appear sufficient to estimate visit-to-visit variability associated with cardiovascular risk in patients with hypertension. Assessment of SBP variability using routinely collected clinic measurements may complement conventional risk evaluation, although further validation in broader hypertensive populations is warranted.

Indexed as

Blood PressureBlood Pressure DeterminationHypertensionOffice VisitsAgedDatabases, FactualElectronic Health RecordsFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPredictive Value of TestsPrognosisRepublic of KoreaRetrospective StudiesRisk Assessmentblood pressureelectronic health recordshypertensionretrospective cohort studyvariability

Identifiers

PMID41913103
PMCPMC13159229

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.