Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41913249›Full record

ArticleDiabetology & metabolic syndrome2026

Association of endothelial activation and stress index with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients with diabetic kidney disease: a population-based prospective study.

Weihong Yu, Juanyong Zhao, Ming Xia, Qian Chen, Bin Leng, Lili Wan, Chenxi Liu, Xunzi Tang, Xinyan Fan, Xiaomiao Hao and 5 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Diabetology & metabolic syndrome, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Weihong YuHunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
Juanyong ZhaoHunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
Ming XiaHunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
Qian ChenHunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
Bin LengHunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
Lili WanHunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
Chenxi LiuHunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
Xunzi TangHunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
Xinyan FanHunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
Xiaomiao HaoHunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
Chengyuan TangHunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
Guochun ChenHunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
Yu LiuHunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
Fang YuanHunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
Hong LiuHunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China. liuhong618@csu.edu.cn.

Funding

2023 Hunan Provincial Health High-Level Talents Program - Leading Talent Cultivation Funding Liu HongNational Natural Science Foundation of China 82270733National Natural Science Foundation of China 82470741Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province 2025JJ30042Scientific Research Project of the Health Commission of Hunan Province A202303057091
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundEmerging evidence suggests a potential role of endothelial activation and oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Endothelial activation and stress index (EASIX) is a reliable alternative biomarker of endothelial dysfunction. We aimed to investigate the relationship between the EASIX and both all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in individuals with DKD.

methodsData were extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were applied to assess the relationship between EASIX and mortality. Kaplan-Meier survival curves, Subgroup analyses, receiver operating characteristic curves, and sensitivity analyses were conducted. Additionally, restricted cubic spline analysis was employed to elucidate the nonlinear relationships between EASIX and hazard ratio in DKD patients. RSULTS: A total of 1700 participants were included in this study. Over a median follow-up of 87.6 months, 571 all-cause deaths were recorded. The highest EASIX group showed higher hazard ratios for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in both crude and multivariable-adjusted models. In the fully adjusted model, the hazard ratios for the highest EASIX group were 1.59 (95% CI: 1.24–2.03; p < 0.001) for all-cause mortality and 1.67 (95% CI: 1.09–2.54; p = 0.018) for cardiovascular mortality, compared to the lowest tertile. Furthermore, a nonlinear relationship was observed, with a sharp increase in all-cause mortality risk beyond an EASIX threshold of 0.619.

conclusionThe results showed EASIX as an independent predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in DKD patients and further revealed that a non-linear positive correlation exists between EASIX and both all-cause mortality and a linear relationship with cardiovascular mortality in DKD patients.

Indexed as

All-cause mortalityCardiovascular mortalityDiabetic kidney diseaseEndothelial activation and stress indexNational health and nutrition examination survey

Identifiers

PMID41913249
PMCPMC13202829

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.