Observational studyNeurourology and urodynamics2026
Trends and Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Pharmacologic and Surgical Management of Treated Female Patients With Urinary Incontinence.
Observational study in Neurourology and urodynamics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Response to Letter to Editor on: "Trends and Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Pharmacologic and Surgical Management of Treated Female Patients With Urinary Incontinence".Neurourology and urodynamics · 2026Article
- Letter to Editor on: "Trends and Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Pharmacologic and Surgical Management of Treated Female Patients With Urinary Incontinence".Neurourology and urodynamics · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe current literature summarizes the trends in the surgical management of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and not the general trends of management for all UI types in the US. Additionally, recent evidence on racial and ethnic disparities in UI related surgical utilization is limited.
objectiveTo describe the currently prescribed and performed therapeutic and surgical treatments, and to assess racial and ethnic disparities in receiving treatment for female patients with urinary incontinence (UI).
designA retrospective observational study. PARTICIPANTS AND MEASURES: We used a University Medical Center electronic health care data from 2012 to 2022. We included females ≥ 18 years old diagnosed with stress, urge, or mixed UI, who received at least one pharmacologic or surgical treatment of interest. Our primary outcome was the frequency of the medications (Antimuscarinics and b3-adrenergic agonists) and surgical (sling, Burch, bulking agent surgeries) treatment for female patients with UI. Racial and ethnic disparities in receiving treatment were also assessed using logistic regressions.
resultsA total of 138,752 female patients were diagnosed with UI from 2012 to 2022. Oxybutynin was the most frequently prescribed medication in this study, with 77,920 prescriptions, followed by mirabegron with 48,052 prescriptions. A total of 23,898 UI surgeries were performed. Of these, sling accounted for 78.10%, then bulking agent surgery (15.7%) and Burch (6.83%). Blacks or African Americans (OR: 0.814, p: < 0.0001) and Asians (OR: 0.865, p: 0.0228) had lower odds of receiving UI procedures compared to Whites. Blacks or African Americans were also more likely to get oxybutynin and less likely to get mirabegron to treat UI compared to Whites. Also, Ethnic disparities exist in receiving treatment.
conclusionSling was consistently the most performed surgery every year for female patients with UI. Oxybutynin and mirabegron were the most prescribed medications. Racial and ethnic health disparities were shown in receiving treatment.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.