ArticleThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2026
Acromegaly is associated with an increased incidence of primary malignant tumors: data from a national study in Sweden.
Article in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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- Cancer risk in acromegaly: reassessing the evidence and impact of biochemical control.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Article
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12 authors.
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Abstract
contextGH excess and elevated IGF-1 in acromegaly are considered to promote cancer development.
objectiveTo investigate cancer incidence and outcome in patients with acromegaly in relation to biochemical control.
methodsMatched cohort study in patients with acromegaly diagnosed from 1991 to 2018 and 10 controls per case from the Swedish population. Cancer diagnoses and fatalities were obtained from the Swedish Pituitary and National Patient Registers. Adjusted hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for cancer incidence and death were estimated using a Cox proportional hazard regression model adjusted for age, sex, and comorbidity.
resultsWe included 1035 patients with acromegaly (49.5% female; median age 52.0 years) and 10 261 matched controls. Patients had higher adjusted HR (95% CI) for all cancer (1.28, 1.11-1.49), colorectal cancer (1.84, 1.28-2.64), lung cancer (1.95, 1.22-3.11), hematologic cancer (1.68, 1.03-2.73), and breast cancer in women (1.46, 1.02-2.11) from 5 years before acromegaly diagnosis. Second cancers after diagnosis tended to be increased (1.54, 0.98-2.44). Death from cancer was only significantly elevated in patients 40 to 60 years of age (1.48, 1.19-1.85). Patients with persistently elevated IGF-1 had a higher overall mortality rate (1.50, 1.10-2.01) but no increase in cancer incidence or cancer-related mortality compared to biochemically controlled patients.
conclusionThis nationwide, matched cohort study showed an increased risk of cancer in patients with acromegaly, underscoring the importance of vigilance for early signs of cancer after acromegaly diagnosis. Biochemical control had minor effects on increased cancer development, indicating an effect beyond GH hypersecretion.
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