ArticleCureus2026
Evaluating Knowledge Outcomes of the Age-Friendly Health Systems and 4Ms Module in Medical Education: A Comparative Study of YouTube vs. Virtual Reality Platforms.
Article in Cureus, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study evaluated and compared the effectiveness of Virtual Reality (VR) versus YouTube-based training in teaching the 4Ms framework: What Matters, Medication, Mentation, and Mobility, within a geriatric medicine course for second-year medical students. Pre- and post-training surveys were administered via REDCap, and matched sample t-tests and Cohen's d effect size were conducted. VR training resulted in a mean knowledge increase of 0.55 (2.49 to 3.04, N=90), while YouTube training showed a 0.53 increase (2.58 to 3.11, N=76). Both showed statistically significant gains (p <0.001), with YouTube having a larger t-value (-7.39 vs. -6.41), but VR demonstrating a greater effect size (Cohen's d = 0.82 vs. 0.62). However, an independent samples t-test revealed no significance in knowledge gains between groups (p = 0.80). These findings suggest that both modalities effectively enhance knowledge, with VR demonstrating a stronger effect size, likely due to its interactive effect. This highlights its potential use in medical education on geriatrics.
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