Evidence mapPaperPMID 41913882Full record

ReviewCureus2026

Comparative Analysis of Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on Monotherapy Versus Combination Therapy.

Hariballav Mahapatra, Piyush Kumar Gupta, Ajo Paul, Amit Nampalliwar, Manju Bansal, Baijnath Das, K Parameswaran Namboothiri

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Cureus, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Hariballav MahapatraDepartment of Diabetology, Sevayan Diabetes Centre, Puri, IND.
Piyush Kumar GuptaDepartment of Community Medicine, Geetanjali Institute of Medical Sciences, Jaipur, IND.
Ajo PaulDepartment of Community Medicine, Sree Narayana Institute of Medical Sciences, Ernakulam, IND.
Amit NampalliwarDepartment of Roganidan and Vikriti Vigyan (Pathology), Government Ayurved College and Hospital, Bilaspur, IND.
Manju BansalDepartment of Medicine, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Government Medical College, Tanda, IND.
Baijnath DasDepartment of Medical Laboratory Technique, College of Paramedical Sciences, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad, IND.
K Parameswaran NamboothiriDepartment of Panchakarma, Amrita School of Ayurveda, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, IND.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a highly prevalent metabolic disorder associated with substantial microvascular and macrovascular morbidity, necessitating effective and durable therapeutic strategies. Progressive pathophysiology involving insulin resistance, beta-cell dysfunction, and multisystem metabolic dysregulation limits the long-term effectiveness of single-agent therapy in many patients. This narrative review aims to compare clinical outcomes associated with antidiabetic monotherapy and combination therapy in individuals with T2DM, with emphasis on glycemic control, cardiovascular outcomes, metabolic effects, safety, adherence, and cost considerations. A comprehensive literature search of major electronic databases was performed to identify relevant studies published between 2015 and 2025, including randomised controlled trials, observational studies, real-world analyses, and systematic reviews involving adult T2DM populations. Evidence indicates that monotherapy remains appropriate in early disease stages and in patients with modest hyperglycemia, offering simplicity and favourable tolerability. Combination therapy demonstrates superior and more durable glycemic control through complementary mechanisms of action and is associated with improved cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes, particularly when agents with cardioprotective and weight-modifying properties are included. Safety profiles vary across therapeutic classes, with combination regimens requiring individualised selection to minimise adverse events and optimise adherence. Economic analyses suggest that higher initial costs for combination therapy may be offset by reduced complications and healthcare utilisation. Individualised treatment strategies integrating timely combination therapy support sustained metabolic control and improved long-term outcomes in T2DM.

Indexed as

cardiovascular outcomescombination therapyglycemic controlmonotherapytype 2 diabetes mellitus

Identifiers

PMID41913882
PMCPMC13033108

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.