Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41914640›Full record

SynthesisThe International journal of eating disorders2026

Food-Related Attentional Biases in Restrained Eaters: A Meta-Analysis.

Rio Madan, Cristina Martinelli

Abstract readMeta-AnalysisReview
In one paragraph

Synthesis in The International journal of eating disorders, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Food-Related Attentional Biases in Restrained Eaters: A Meta-Analysis.The International journal of eating disorders · 2026
    Pooled it
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Rio MadanCity St George's, University of London, London, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6619-8546
Cristina MartinelliCity St George's, University of London, London, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4686-5726

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveDietary restraint may contribute to the development and maintenance of eating disorders (EDs), with food-related attentional biases (ABs) as a key underlying mechanism. We examined associations between dietary restraint and ABs and explored how several methodological factors (i.e., AB mechanism, mode of AB investigation, response task type, stimulus task relevance, and type of food stimulus) might influence these associations.

methodDatabase searches followed the guidelines set by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analyses (PRISMA). We included empirical studies that measured both dietary restraint and ABs, excluding studies involving participants with clinical diagnoses or below 16 years of age. Fifty-one eligible articles were identified, of which 29 unique samples were included in the final analyses. The protocol for this meta-analysis was preregistered at: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=532562.

resultsWe first examined associations between dietary restraint and attentional maintenance and orienting, separately. This was followed by subgroup analyses to examine whether these associations varied based on the chosen methodological factors. Our findings revealed significant associations between dietary restraint and attentional maintenance in studies that used response tasks (other than the dot probe task), and where the food stimuli were relevant to the task instructions. DISCUSSION: Collectively, these findings suggest that dietary restrainers activated strategic top-down processing of food cues, rather than the reflexive orienting linked to ED-driven saliency processing. Overall, this may be interpreted as more purposeful monitoring to facilitate restraint when food is relevant to the goals and actions of dietary restrainers.

Indexed as

Attentional BiasFeeding and Eating DisordersFeeding BehaviorFoodHumansattentional biasesdietary restraintdisordered eatingeating disorderseye‐trackingfood stimulimeta‐analysisresponse task

Identifiers

PMID41914640
PMCPMC13326802

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.