Evidence mapPaperPMID 41914983Full record

ArticleBiomaterials science2026

Exosome-niosome hybrid oxygen carrier for protection against acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury.

Anika Bushra, Dalton Jayne, Thomas Locke, Xiaoxue Han, Timothy M Fan, Gregory H Underhill, Joseph Irudayaraj

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Biomaterials science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Anika BushraDepartment of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7445-4158
Dalton JayneDepartment of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA. jirudaya@illinois.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0002-4762-7102
Thomas LockeDepartment of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA. jirudaya@illinois.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0005-4282-0343
Xiaoxue HanDepartment of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA. jirudaya@illinois.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0001-4329-2133
Timothy M FanDepartment of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2510-7050
Gregory H UnderhillDepartment of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA. jirudaya@illinois.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1002-5335
Joseph IrudayarajDepartment of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA. jirudaya@illinois.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0630-1520

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is one of the contributing factors for acute liver injury (ALI), caused by a hypoxic microenvironment, elevated oxidative stress, and pro-inflammatory signaling. In this work, we present an exosome-niosome hybrid oxygen carrier (ENh-OC) composed of polysorbate 80, Pluronic® F-127, medium chain triglyceride oil, and blueberry-derived exosomes. We propose that our delivery system shields the liver tissue from localized hypoxia by maintaining sustained oxygen delivery, and the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory components present in the exosomes enhance the hepatoprotective effect. The hydrodynamic diameter of ENh-OCs is 74.0 ± 30.8 nm with a zeta potential of -13.2 ± 0.5 mV, and oxygen holding capacity of 54.3 ± 1.5 mg L

Indexed as

AcetaminophenChemical and Drug Induced Liver InjuryExosomesLiposomesOxygenAnimalsHep G2 CellsHumansLiverMaleMiceMice, Inbred C57BLOxidative StressPoloxamerPolysorbatesReactive Oxygen SpeciesAcetaminophenLiposomesOxygenPoloxamerPolysorbatesReactive Oxygen Species

Identifiers

PMID41914983
PMCPMC13037704

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.