Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41917902›Full record

ArticleBMC oral health2026

Knowledge, attitude, awareness and perception of orthodontic residents, and orthodontists regarding robotics in the field of orthodontics: a cross-sectional study.

Syed Muhammad Ali Gilani, Muhammad Raif Ilyas, Muhammad Mughni, Rashna Hoshang Sukhia, Mubassar Fida

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC oral health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Syed Muhammad Ali GilaniDepartment of Dentistry & Oral Health Sciences, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Stadium Road, P.O Box 3500, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan.
Muhammad Raif IlyasDepartment of Dentistry & Oral Health Sciences, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Stadium Road, P.O Box 3500, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan.
Muhammad MughniDepartment of Dentistry & Oral Health Sciences, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Stadium Road, P.O Box 3500, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan.
Rashna Hoshang SukhiaDepartment of Dentistry & Oral Health Sciences, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Stadium Road, P.O Box 3500, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan. rashna.aga@aku.edu.
Mubassar FidaDepartment of Dentistry & Oral Health Sciences, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Stadium Road, P.O Box 3500, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundTo assess knowledge, awareness, attitude, and perception (KAAP), of orthodontic residents and orthodontists regarding robotics, along with technology readiness levels (TRL), barriers, and enablers to adoption.

methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted involving 200 participants (140 residents, 60 orthodontists), from August to September 2025 using purposive sampling technique. A validated questionnaire assessed demographics, KAAP, and TRL across three domains: wire bending, aligner/appliance manufacturing, and microrobotics. Reliability was tested using KR-20 and Cronbach’s alpha. Linear regression explored associations between KAAP scores, demographics, prior exposure, and TRL. Significance was set at p ≤ 0.05.

resultsParticipants were predominantly female (60%) and hospital-based (80%), with minimal prior exposure (3%). Orthodontic residents (n = 140) had a mean age of 28.0 ± 2.3 years and were 60.0% female, whereas orthodontists (n = 60) had a mean age of 42.8 ± 7.9 years and were 58% female. KAAP scores indicated moderate knowledge, low awareness, and negative attitudes. TRL was highest for aligner manufacturing, moderate for wire bending, and lowest for microrobotics. Reliability was strong (KR-20: 0.744–0.806; α: 0.869). Female gender and prior lectures predicted higher KAAP scores. Key barriers included lack of training (28%), cost, and workflow integration (21%), while enablers were lower cost (26%) and training (21%).

conclusionsOrthodontic professionals showed moderate knowledge and awareness with neutral to negative attitudes towards robotic technologies. TRL was highest for aligner manufacturing and lowest for microrobotics. Addressing educational gaps, reducing costs, and generating evidence may facilitate successful integration into clinical practice.

Indexed as

Attitude of Health PersonnelHealth Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeInternship and ResidencyOrthodonticsOrthodontistsRoboticsAdultCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansMaleSurveys and QuestionnairesAttitudeKnowledgeMicroroboticsOrthodonticsRobotic

Identifiers

PMID41917902
PMCPMC13162382

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.