SynthesisFrontiers in immunology2026
Age- and region-specific gut microbiota dysbiosis in axial spondyloarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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6 authors.
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Abstract
Background: Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the spine and sacroiliac joints. Emerging evidence suggests that the gut microbiota may contribute to its pathogenesis, but findings on microbial diversity and composition remain inconsistent. Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library to identify studies comparing the gut microbiota between adults with axSpA and healthy controls. α-Diversity (Observed richness, Shannon, Simpson, Chao1, ACE) and microbial composition at the phylum level were extracted. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed using standardized mean differences (SMDs), with subgroup analyses and robustness checks (prespecified sensitivity and leave-one-out analyses). Results: Twenty-five studies (n = 1639) were included. Compared with controls, axSpA was associated with lower α-diversity for Observed richness (SMD = -0.59, Conclusion: axSpA is associated with reduced α-diversity and compositional shifts in gut microbiota, but the magnitude of effects varies across studies. Heterogeneity and methodological differences warrant cautious interpretation. Longitudinal and functional studies are needed to clarify causality and therapeutic implications. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD420251089098.
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