Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41919244›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in oncology2026

Frailty, nutritional status, and inflammation as determinants of chemotherapy delivery and outcomes in pancreatic cancer patients receiving gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel.

Ho Seung Lee, Chan Min Jeong, Jae Min Lee, Tae In Kim, Sang Hyun Kim, Han Jo Jeon, Hyuk Soon Choi, Eun Sun Kim, Bora Keum, Yoon Tae Jeen

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in oncology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Ho Seung Lee *Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Chan Min Jeong *Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Jae Min LeeDepartment of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Tae In KimDepartment of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Sang Hyun KimDepartment of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Han Jo JeonDepartment of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Hyuk Soon ChoiDepartment of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Eun Sun KimDepartment of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Bora KeumDepartment of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Yoon Tae JeenDepartment of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: Pancreatic cancer has high mortality, and optimizing chemotherapy delivery in frail patients is challenging. Frailty and systemic inflammation are increasingly recognized as prognostic factors; however, their roles in patients receiving gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel (GnP) are not well defined. We aimed to evaluate the impact of a composite frailty index (modified frailty index [mFI] ≥2 and prognostic nutritional index [PNI]<45) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) on treatment delivery, toxicity, and survival. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patients with locally advanced or metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma treated with first-line GnP at a tertiary center. Composite frailty was defined as an mFI ≥2 and a PNI <45. The primary endpoint was reduced relative dose intensity (RDI <75%) during the first 8 weeks. Secondary endpoints included time-to-discontinuation (TTD), overall survival (OS), severe toxicities, and the prognostic value of NLR cutoffs (≥3, ≥5). Results: Among 114 patients, 34 (29.8%) had composite frailty. Composite frailty was associated with reduced RDI <75% (odds ratio [OR] 2.65, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02-7.16, p=0.049), but not with severe adverse events, TTD, or OS. Higher NLR was associated with shorter TTD and worse OS. Secondary analyses showed that in frail patients, NLR ≥5 (but not ≥3) predicted inferior OS (hazard ratio [HR] 3.11, 95% CI 1.34-7.21, p=0.008). In non-frail patients, both NLR ≥3 and ≥5 were significantly associated with poor OS. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this study is among the first to collectively evaluate composite frailty and NLR in pancreatic cancer patients treated with GnP. Frailty was mainly associated with chemotherapy delivery, whereas NLR provided stronger prognostic information for survival. These complementary markers may support treatment optimization and personalized care for vulnerable patients.

Indexed as

chemotherapy dose intensityfrailtyneutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratiopancreatic neoplasmsprognosis

Identifiers

PMID41919244
PMCPMC13033535

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.