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ArticleQuality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation2026

Impact of inactivated influenza vaccination on health-related quality of life for young children using Japanese experimental EuroQol toddler and infant populations (EQ-TIPS) v2.0.

Taito Kitano, Nami Kurosawa, Takumi Okamura, Soshi Hachisuka, Naohiro Yamamoto, Hiroki Nishikawa, Masayuki Onaka, Rika Suzuki, Sayaka Yoshida

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Article in Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Taito KitanoDepartment of Pediatrics, Nara Prefecture General Medical Center, 2-897-5 Shichijonishimachi, Nara-City, Nara, 630-8581, Japan. tkitano@nara-hp.jp.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0623-066X
Nami KurosawaDepartment of Pediatrics, Nara Prefecture General Medical Center, 2-897-5 Shichijonishimachi, Nara-City, Nara, 630-8581, Japan.
Takumi OkamuraDepartment of Pediatrics, Nara Prefecture General Medical Center, 2-897-5 Shichijonishimachi, Nara-City, Nara, 630-8581, Japan.
Soshi HachisukaDepartment of Pediatrics, Nara Prefecture General Medical Center, 2-897-5 Shichijonishimachi, Nara-City, Nara, 630-8581, Japan.
Naohiro YamamotoDepartment of Pediatrics, Nara Prefecture General Medical Center, 2-897-5 Shichijonishimachi, Nara-City, Nara, 630-8581, Japan.
Hiroki NishikawaDepartment of Pediatrics, Nara Prefecture General Medical Center, 2-897-5 Shichijonishimachi, Nara-City, Nara, 630-8581, Japan.
Masayuki OnakaDepartment of Pediatrics, Nara Prefecture General Medical Center, 2-897-5 Shichijonishimachi, Nara-City, Nara, 630-8581, Japan.
Rika SuzukiDepartment of Pediatrics, Nara Prefecture General Medical Center, 2-897-5 Shichijonishimachi, Nara-City, Nara, 630-8581, Japan.
Sayaka YoshidaDepartment of Pediatrics, Nara Prefecture General Medical Center, 2-897-5 Shichijonishimachi, Nara-City, Nara, 630-8581, Japan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeEvidence regarding health-related quality of life (HRQL) measurement for conditions with daily fluctuations is scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of inactivated influenza vaccination (IIV) on daily variations in HRQL in young children.

methodsThis prospective study evaluated the daily HRQL of children aged 0–3 years between Day − 1 and Day 7 following IIV using the Japanese version of proxy-reported EuroQol Toddler and Infant Populations with three level (EQ-TIPS-3L) v2.0 and EuroQol Visual Analog Scale (EQ-VAS). To detect fluctuations in scores between the pre-vaccination and post-vaccination periods, responsiveness was assessed using the standardized response mean (SRM). Known-group validity was assessed by comparing the mean score differences between pre-vaccination and the worst post-vaccination days among those with and without adverse events.

resultsResponses for at least 5 of 9 days (between Day − 1 and Day 7) were obtained for 106 IIV doses (60 for the first dose and 46 for the second dose). SRM was 0.20 in the level sum score of EQ-TIPS-3L and 0.54 in EQ-VAS. Cohen’s effect size for score differences between those with and without any adverse event was 0.51 in the LSS of EQ-TIPS-3L and 0.42 in EQ-VAS, respectively.

conclusionThis study evaluated the performance of the experimental EQ-TIPS-3L v2.0, in capturing daily changes in HRQL following IIV among children aged 0–3 years. Although its responsiveness was low in detecting changes following IIV, the effect size between those with and without adverse events was medium. Future studies may include an evaluation of the EQ-TIPS-5L and its use for more severe conditions.

Indexed as

Influenza, HumanInfluenza VaccinesQuality of LifeVaccinationChild, PreschoolEast Asian PeopleFemaleHumansInfantInfant, NewbornJapanMaleProspective StudiesSurveys and QuestionnairesVaccines, InactivatedInfluenza VaccinesVaccines, InactivatedChildrenInfantInfluenzaPatient preferenceQuality of lifeVaccination

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.