Woodchuck and deer Hepatitis Delta-like agents show distinct innate immune activation and IFN-resistance compared to human Hepatitis D Virus.

Gnimah Eva Gnouamozi, Annick Charlotte Kooij, Marie Rose Schrimpf, Benno Zehnder, Zhenfeng Zhang, Stephan Urban

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In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed

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1 · What the graph read from it

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Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Gnimah Eva GnouamoziHeidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg, Germany.

Annick Charlotte KooijHeidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg, Germany.

Marie Rose SchrimpfHeidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg, Germany.

Benno ZehnderHeidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg, Germany.

Zhenfeng ZhangHeidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg, Germany.

Stephan UrbanHeidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg, Germany. Stephan.Urban@med.uni-heidelberg.de.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Replication of human hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is sensed by the pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) melanoma differentiation antigen 5 (MDA5) and Laboratory of Genetics and Physiology 2 (LGP2), activating interferon (IFN) responses. Both HDV-induced IFNs and exogenously administered IFN-α and -λ suppress HDV RNA spread via cell division (CDMS) but have only minor effects on replication in resting cells. With the discovery of HDV-like agents (DLAs) in diverse animal species an opportunity arose to comparatively study the interplay between these evolutionarily related replicons with respect to innate immune responses. To overcome the lack of authentic in vitro infection models for the viroid-like agents, we established a Hepatitis B virus (HBV)-envelope protein (HBsAg) pseudotype-based infection system for woodchuck (WoDV) and deer (DeDV) DLA. Infection of human hepatic cell lines with WoDV/HBsAg and DeDV/HBsAg pseudo-typed virions allowed initiation of replication in HuH7

Indexed as

DeerHepatitis B Virus, WoodchuckHepatitis DHepatitis Delta VirusImmunity, InnateInterferonsMarmotaAnimalsCell LineHumansVirus ReplicationInterferonsCell division-mediated spreadHDVHDV-like agentsInnate immunityInterferonViral evolutionViral persistence

Identifiers

PMID41922429

DOI10.1038/s41598-026-45998-w

PMCPMC13046733

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.