Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41922600›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2026

A possible role of Painless channel in the regulation of immune system activity in Tenebrio molitor L.

Natalia Bylewska, Radosław Gmyrek, Natalia Konopińska, Sara Tchórzewska, Grzegorz Nowicki, Arkadiusz Urbański

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Natalia Bylewska *Department of Animal Physiology and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland.
Radosław Gmyrek *Department of Animal Physiology and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland.
Natalia KonopińskaDepartment of Animal Physiology and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland.
Sara TchórzewskaDepartment of Animal Physiology and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland.
Grzegorz NowickigenXone S.A., Złotniki, Poland.
Arkadiusz UrbańskiDepartment of Animal Physiology and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland. arur@amu.edu.pl.

Funding

Initiative of Excellence - Research University, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland 037/02/POB2/0013 and 037/02/POB2/0026
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The immunomodulatory properties of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels in insects are poorly understood. Here, we provide evidence of the immunoregulatory role of one of the TRPA (transient receptor potential ankyrin) channels, Painless, in the mealworm beetle (Tenebrio molitor), an economically important insect species. Our research revealed that the expression patterns of Painless gene vary across different phases of the immune response. Additionally, we show that the cytokine Spätzle-like protein significantly influences the expression of Painless gene. Furthermore, we report that an allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), TRPA channel agonist which may activate the Painless channel, increases calcium level in T. molitor haemocytes which leading to changes in the expression of immune-related genes. On the basis of the results of the dsRNA experiment, our research also suggested that the link between Painless channel activity and immune pathways is likely mediated by Calcineurin, a calcium-activated serine/threonine phosphatase. Importantly, coinjection of AITC with Escherichia coli significantly improved beetle survival, indicating a functional role in host defense. The results of physiological experiments and phylogenetic analysis suggest that the modulation of Painless channel activity can be a valuable tool for pest control and large-scale T. molitor production.

Indexed as

Immune SystemInsect ProteinsTenebrioTransient Receptor Potential ChannelsAnimalsCalcineurinCalciumGene Expression RegulationHemocytesIsothiocyanatesPhylogenyallyl isothiocyanateCalcineurinCalciumInsect ProteinsIsothiocyanatesTransient Receptor Potential ChannelsInsect cellular responseInsect humoral responseInsect mass-rearingInsect TRP channelsPest control

Identifiers

PMID41922600
PMCPMC13184108

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.