ArticleLipids in health and disease2026
Lipoprotein(a) levels in Finnish adults: distribution and associations with other cardiovascular risk factors and their awareness and control.
Article in Lipids in health and disease, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundElevated lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is an important genetic risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Because Lp(a)-lowering therapies are limited, prevention focuses on identifying individuals with elevated Lp(a) and optimizing other modifiable risk factors. We aimed to assess the distribution of Lp(a) levels in Finnish adults and examine its association with other CVD risk factors, as well as the awareness, treatment, and control of dyslipidemia.
methodsData were derived from the Healthy Finland health examination survey conducted in 2023, comprising a nationally representative sample of 5,484 adults. Lp(a) levels were categorized using a cut-point at 125 nmol/L. Other CVD risk factors included were dyslipidemia, abnormal glucose metabolism, hypertension, and obesity. Analyses were weighted taking into account the sampling design and non-participation to provide nationally representative results.
resultsMean Lp(a) levels were 41.7 nmol/L (95% CI 39.0-44.3) in men (M) and 41.9 nmol/L (39.7-44.1) in women (W). Elevated Lp(a) was observed in 11.0% of men and 10.4% of women. Dyslipidemia was more prevalent among individuals with elevated Lp(a) (M: 88.1% vs. 78.4% p = 0.003, W: 79.2% vs. 73.2% p = 0.030) but this association reversed after correcting cholesterol for Lp(a). No associations were found between Lp(a) and other cardiometabolic risk factors. Individuals with elevated Lp(a) had slightly lower unawareness (M: 42.3% vs. 47.5%, p = 0.180, W: 38.8% vs.48.4%, p = 0.042) and better treatment (M: 38.1% vs. 31.7%, p = 0.010, W: 29.2% vs. 24.7%, p = 0.090) of dyslipidemia than those with lower levels while no association was found between Lp(a) and dyslipidemia control (M: 81.4% vs. 84.1%, p = 0.520, W: 74.6% vs. 73.0%, p = 0.740).
conclusionsApproximately one in ten Finnish adults had elevated Lp(a), a lower prevalence than in many other European populations but still affecting a substantial share of the population. Elevated Lp(a) was associated with higher prevalence of dyslipidemia prior to Lp(a) correction, but not with other CVD risk factors, and these individuals also showed slightly greater awareness and treatment of dyslipidemia. These findings emphasize the need for comprehensive management of modifiable CVD risk factors to reduce the overall burden of CVDs.
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