Evidence mapPaperPMID 41923440Full record

ArticleJournal of diabetes research2026

Network Pharmacology Combined With Gut Microbiome and Serum Metabolomics Reveals the Therapeutic Mechanisms of Hydroxysafflor Yellow A in Diabetic Kidney Disease.

Pingping Wang, Xinyu Liu, Wen Sun, Xueyun Dong, Jiajun Tan, Min Chen, Jiayuan He, Asmaa Ali, Liang Wu, Keke Shao

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of diabetes research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Pingping WangDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Taizhou Second People's Hospital, Taizhou, 225309, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5597-4221
Xinyu LiuDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, The Yancheng Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng, 224000, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3357-710X
Wen SunDepartment of Critical Care Medicine, Jurong Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212499, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9284-1049
Xueyun DongDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China, ujs.edu.cn.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2724-9033
Jiajun TanDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China, ujs.edu.cn.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6388-2543
Min ChenDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China, ujs.edu.cn.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3240-3967
Jiayuan HeHealth Testing Center, Zhenjiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhenjiang, 212002, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5023-926X
Asmaa AliDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China, ujs.edu.cn.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7421-5085
Liang WuDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China, ujs.edu.cn.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8241-2433
Keke ShaoDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, The Yancheng Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng, 224000, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1537-1271

Funding

Project of Jiangsu Provincial Science and Technology Development Plan for Traditional Chinese Medicine MS2022126Scientific Research Project of Yancheng Municipal Health Commission YK2024116Zhenjiang Science and Technology Innovation Fund (Key R&D Program-Social Development) Project SH2023073
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a severe complication of diabetes, primarily driven by chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and gut microbiota dysbiosis. Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSY), a bioactive compound derived from Carthamus tinctorius L., demonstrates promising renoprotective effects. However, its mechanisms, especially through modulation of the gut-kidney axis, remain poorly understood. This study employed a combination of network pharmacology, a high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic mouse model, 16S rRNA sequencing, and serum metabolomics to explore the therapeutic mechanisms of HSY. Renal function, oxidative stress, inflammation, and gut microbiota composition were evaluated. HSY significantly alleviated renal injury by reducing blood glucose, creatinine, and urea nitrogen levels (p  < 0.05), while enhancing renal antioxidant enzyme activity (GSH, SOD, CAT). Inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-1β) and AGE-RAGE signaling were suppressed. Analysis of the gut microbiota revealed that HSY enriched SCFA-producing genera (e.g., Lactobacillus, Alloprevotella) and decreased the abundance of Schaedlerella. Serum metabolomics further indicated that HSY modulated riboflavin metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, and steroid hormone biosynthesis, thereby linking microbial metabolites to renal protection. Spearman correlation analysis revealed strong associations between specific gut microbiota (e.g., Prevotella) and serum metabolites (e.g., eicosapentaenoic acid). HSY mitigates DKD by targeting AGE-RAGE-mediated inflammation, oxidative stress, and gut microbiota dysbiosis while correcting metabolic disturbances. This study offers a novel multi-omics approach to understanding HSY's renoprotective effects, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic agent for DKD.

Indexed as

ChalconeDiabetes Mellitus, ExperimentalDiabetic NephropathiesGastrointestinal MicrobiomeQuinonesAnimalsBlood GlucoseDiet, High-FatKidneyMaleMetabolomicsMiceMice, Inbred C57BLNetwork PharmacologyOxidative StressBlood GlucoseChalconehydroxysafflor yellow AQuinonesAGE–RAGE axisdiabetic kidney diseasegut microbiotahydroxysafflor yellow Anetwork pharmacologyoxidative stressserum metabolomics

Identifiers

PMID41923440
PMCPMC13045261

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.