ArticleFrontiers in public health2026
Epidemiological characteristics of imported influenza viruses at Shanghai entry-exit ports from 2017 to 2024.
Article in Frontiers in public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Objectives: To characterize long-term epidemiological patterns of imported influenza at Shanghai entry-exit ports from 2017 to 2024 and to compare changes before and after the COVID-19 pandemic, thereby providing a basis for optimizing cross-border surveillance strategies. Methods: Surveillance data were collected from febrile inbound travelers identified by infrared temperature screening (≥37.3 °C) at major Shanghai ports during 2017-2019 and 2023-2024. Throat swabs were tested using real-time RT-qPCR for influenza A and B viruses. Positivity rates, seasonality, demographic characteristics, geographic origins, and viral type distributions were compared between pre- and post-COVID-19 periods using appropriate statistical tests. Results: Among 33,118 febrile inbound travelers screened, 6,163 influenza cases were confirmed, yielding an overall positivity rate of 18.61%. No significant difference was observed between the pre- and post-COVID-19 periods (18.94% vs. 18.52%, Conclusion: Imported influenza at Shanghai entry-exit ports rebounded rapidly after COVID-19, with stable transmission intensity but notable shifts in geographic origin, age composition, and viral distribution. The persistence of bimodal seasonality and increasing concentration of cases from the Western Pacific Region highlight the need to transition from fixed seasonal screening toward dynamic, risk-based port surveillance with emphasis on high-traffic routes and adult travelers.
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