ArticleFrontiers in veterinary science2026
EV-derived small non-coding RNAs from porcine follicular fluid regulate follicle development using Pandora sequence.
Article in Frontiers in veterinary science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Follicular fluid extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as critical mediators of intercellular communication during oocyte development. This study investigates the role of small non-coding RNAs (SncRNAs) within porcine follicular fluid extracellular vesicles in regulating oocyte maturation, with a focus on functional disparities between small (group S: < 3 mm) and large (group L:>6 mm) follicles. Methods: Extracellular vesicles were isolated from porcine follicular fluid via ultracentrifugation and characterized by nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and nanoflow cytometry for CD63 and CD81 positive expression. Pandora sequencing of SncRNAs identified differentially expressed SncRNAs (piRNAs, rRNAs, tsRNAs, miRNAs, and snoRNAs) across follicle sizes using Pandora sequence. Results: Firstly, SncRNA composition analysis demonstrated distinct proportional distributions: PiRNA constituted 43% in group L vs. 51.8% in S follicles, while tsRNA showed an inverse trend (25.3% in group L vs. 14.2% in group S). Subtype-specific differences were prominent in tsRNAs, with 3' tsRNA accounting for 7.8% in group S follicles vs. 0.3% in group L, and 5' tsRNA representing 13.8% in S vs. 9.5% in group L. Secondly, differential expression analysis identified eight highly upregulated SncRNAs in group L follicles, including upregulated piR-1060463, piR-1205752, miR-10b, miR-29b, miR-100, miR-221-3p and SnoRNA-4, SnoRNA-5, alongside four highly downregulated piR-1374439, piR-949425, SnoRNA-6 and SnoRNA-7. Finally, GO enrichment and KEGG pathway of these 10 significantly different expressed piRNAs, miRNAs and SnoRNAs targeting genes highlighted critical roles in oocyte meiosis, Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that follicular fluid EVs SncRNAs orchestrate oocyte developmental competence through size-dependent profiles and pathway activation. These results provide novel insights into improving assisted reproductive technologies in swine and offer potential biomarkers for ovarian follicular selection.
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