ArticleJournal of global health2026
Pregnancy complications and caesarean section: a latent class analysis.
Article in Journal of global health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: The incidence and overuse of caesarean section, an adverse pregnancy outcome closely associated with pregnancy complications, is markedly high globally. However, previous research has predominantly examined individual complications in isolation, leaving a need for a comprehensive evaluation of multimorbidity patterns. We aimed to explore the associations between caesarean sections and adverse pregnancy outcomes in a Chinese population. Methods: We retrieved data from the National Maternal Near Miss Surveillance System in Jilin Province in China from 2021 to 2023. We summarised them using descriptive statistics and used the Rao-Scott χ Results: We included 85 446 pregnant women, of whom 53 916 (63.1%) had undergone caesarean sections and 31 530 (36.9%) had experience spontaneous labour. There were significant differences in terms of pregnancy complications between pregnant women who underwent spontaneous labour and those who had caesarean sections. We then clustered pregnancy complication symptoms into six classes using LCA and fitted three models. After adjusting for potential confounders, the incidence of caesarean sections was significantly higher in pregnant women with diabetes and hypothyroidism (odds ratio (OR) = 1.177; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.105-1.253), hyperthyroidism and kidney disease (OR = 2.078; 95% CI = 1.391-3.106), with hypertension and hypothyroidism (OR = 3.613; 95% CI = 3.217-4.058), and hypertension, diabetes, and anaemia (OR = 3.365; 95% CI = 2.997-3.779) when compared to pregnant women with a lower incidence of pregnancy complications. Conclusions: Caesarean sections occur frequently among pregnant women in China and are significantly associated with specific pregnancy complication clusters, particularly those involving hypertension, diabetes, anaemia, and thyroid dysfunction. These findings suggest that women with multimorbidity profiles should receive enhanced antenatal surveillance and individualised delivery planning to optimise maternal outcomes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.