Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41928063›Full record

SynthesisBMC emergency medicine2026

Crush injury syndrome in earthquakes: a systematic review and meta-analysis on its frequency and complications.

Parisa Rostami, Asghar Jafari Rouhi, Reyhaneh Hajebrahimi, Gholamreza Faridaalaee, Reza Mostafaei Yonjali, Kavous Shahsavarinia, Hanieh Salehi-Pourmehr

Abstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-Analysis
In one paragraph

Synthesis in BMC emergency medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Parisa RostamiResearch Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Azadi Street- Golgasht Ave, Tabriz, East Azarbaijan, Tabriz, 51666/15731, Iran.ORCID 0009-0005-3336-0402
Asghar Jafari RouhiEmergency and Trauma Care Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.ORCID 0009-0002-6520-3944
Reyhaneh HajebrahimiStudent Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Gholamreza FaridaalaeeEmergency and Trauma Care Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.ORCID 0000-0002-9990-4936
Reza Mostafaei YonjaliStudent Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Kavous ShahsavariniaResearch Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Azadi Street- Golgasht Ave, Tabriz, East Azarbaijan, Tabriz, 51666/15731, Iran. kavous.shahsavari@yahoo.com.ORCID 0000-0002-4049-8531
Hanieh Salehi-PourmehrResearch Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Azadi Street- Golgasht Ave, Tabriz, East Azarbaijan, Tabriz, 51666/15731, Iran. poormehrh@yahoo.com.ORCID 0000-0001-9030-2106

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundCrush syndrome is a life-threatening systemic complication of traumatic rhabdomyolysis and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality following earthquakes. Despite its clinical significance, a comprehensive synthesis of its global epidemiology, management, and outcomes is lacking. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to consolidate the evidence on CS in earthquake victims.

methodsWe conducted a systematic review in accordance with PRISMA guidelines (PROSPERO: CRD420251177534). Electronic databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, CINAHL) were searched from inception through January 2024 for observational studies of earthquake casualties with CS. Outcomes included mortality, dialysis requirement, acute kidney injury (AKI), and other complications. Data were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis.

resultsFifty studies (1988-2023), primarily from Turkey, Iran, and China, were included. Substantial heterogeneity was observed, largely due to inconsistent definitions of CS. The pooled proportion of patients requiring dialysis was 0.49 (95% CI 0.40-0.58; I²=96.95%, 38 studies). The overall pooled mortality was 0.08 (95% CI 0.06-0.10; I²=93.0%, 39 studies), with significant regional variation (1% to 26%). AKI was the most frequent complication (pooled proportion 0.49; 95% CI 0.38-0.59). Marked creatine kinase elevation and metabolic derangements were consistently reported.

conclusionsCS following earthquakes carries a high burden of renal failure, with nearly half of affected patients requiring dialysis. Mortality is significant and influenced by geographic context and response capabilities. The profound heterogeneity in definitions and reported outcomes underscores an urgent need for standardized diagnostic criteria. Preparedness planning must prioritize early volume resuscitation, surge capacity for renal replacement therapy, and the development of context-adapted, evidence-based clinical guidelines.

Indexed as

Crush SyndromeEarthquakesAcute Kidney InjuryHumansRhabdomyolysisCompartment syndromeCrush injuryCrush syndromeRhabdomyolysisSystematic Review

Identifiers

PMID41928063
PMCPMC13169539

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.