ArticleBMC neurology2026
ABO blood group distribution in migraine patients; the relationship of phenotypes with migraine subtypes, clinical features, and white matter lesions: a retrospective case-control study.
Article in BMC neurology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundMigraine is a common and disabling neurological disorder with a complex and multifactorial pathophysiology. While genetic and vascular mechanisms have been extensively studied, the potential role of the ABO blood group system in migraine susceptibility and clinical characteristics remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the distribution of ABO and Rh blood groups in patients with migraine and to investigate their associations with migraine subtypes, clinical features, and white matter lesions (WMLs).
methodsThis retrospective case–control study included 411 migraine patients aged 18–50 years and 4319 control individuals from the same geographical region. Migraine diagnosis and classification were established according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition. ABO and Rh blood groups were determined using the gel centrifugation method. Migraine subtypes, clinical characteristics, and the presence of WMLs on cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were recorded. Group comparisons, univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses, and a sensitivity analysis restricted to female participants were performed.
resultsBlood group B was significantly less frequent in migraine patients compared with controls (13.4% vs. 18.6%, p = 0.009; significant after Bonferroni correction). In multivariable logistic regression adjusting for age and sex, blood group B remained independently associated with lower odds of migraine (adjusted OR = 0.660, 95% CI: 0.488–0.893; p = 0.007). A sensitivity analysis restricted to female participants yielded a consistent result (OR = 0.679, 95% CI: 0.499–0.924; p = 0.014). No significant differences were observed between migraine patients and controls with respect to A, O, and AB blood groups or Rh status. ABO and Rh blood group distributions were not significantly associated with migraine subtypes, the presence of WMLs, headache duration, or monthly headache frequency.
conclusionsBlood group B was underrepresented among migraine patients compared with the control population from the same geographical region. No associations were identified between ABO or Rh blood groups and migraine subtypes, clinical headache characteristics, or white matter lesions. These findings should be considered hypothesis-generating and require confirmation in larger, multicenter studies.
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