Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41929059›Full record

ArticlebioRxiv : the preprint server for biology2026

Size Scaling of the Electrochemical Performance of Ti

Spencer R Averbeck, Raghav Garg, Royce Dong, Daryl Hurwitz, Nicholas V Apollo, Michael S Beauchamp, Flavia Vitale

Abstract readPreprint
In one paragraph

Article in bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Spencer R AverbeckDepartment of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania - 19104, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8273-0087
Raghav GargCenter for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania - 19104, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3501-6892
Royce DongDepartment of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania - 19104, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1772-7893
Daryl HurwitzCenter for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania - 19104, USA.ORCID 0009-0003-4286-3517
Nicholas V ApolloCenter for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania - 19104, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-4326-1959
Michael S BeauchampDepartment of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania - 19104, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7599-9934
Flavia VitaleDepartment of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania - 19104, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8644-550X

Funding

NEURAL SUBSTRATES OF OPTIMAL MULTISENSORY INTEGRATIONR01NS065395 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HLTH SCI CTR HOUSTON · PI Michael S Beauchamp · 2010 to 2026
$5.5M
Training Program in Neuroengineering and MedicineT32NS091006 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI Brian Litt · 2015 to 2026
$4.1M
Optimizing Optogenetics for Cell-type-specific Control in Freely-moving PrimatesR01NS123054 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI MICHAEL L PLATT · 2022 to 2026
$2.9M
Studying stimulation of long-range cortical projections involved in visual-spatial behavior in non-human primates with a novel multimodal optoelectronic deviceF30EY037143 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI Royce Dong · 2025 to 2026
$93k
NEI NIH HHS F30 EY037143NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS065395NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS123054NINDS NIH HHS T32 NS091006
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Miniaturized neural interfaces for research, diagnostics, and neuromodulation therapies require electrode materials that maintain low impedance and high charge injection capacity as device dimensions shrink to ensure high-quality recordings and safe stimulation. Conventional interfaces rely on metals like platinum (Pt), which are limited by intrinsically high impedance and low charge transfer capacity, reducing their performance in sub-100 μm applications. Ti

Indexed as

ElectrochemistryImplantablesMicroelectrodesMXeneStimulationTi3C2Tx

Identifiers

PMID41929059
PMCPMC13041874

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.