Evidence mapPaperPMID 41929489Full record

ArticleFrontiers in immunology2026

Dual role of icaritin in attenuating allograft rejection and exerting antitumor effects in mice.

Jinliang Duan, Shaofeng Chen, Yang Wang, Dejun Kong, Zhenglu Wang, Lei Cao, Wei Rao, Tao Chen, Sei Yoshida, Zhenzhou Wu and 2 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Jinliang DuanNankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin, China.
Shaofeng ChenNankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin, China.
Yang WangDepartment of Pharmacy Intravenous Admixture Service, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, Shandong, China.
Dejun KongNankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin, China.
Zhenglu WangBiological Sample Resource Sharing Center, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China.
Lei CaoBiological Sample Resource Sharing Center, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China.
Wei RaoOrgan Transplantation Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
Tao ChenNankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin, China.
Sei YoshidaInstitute of Transplantation Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
Zhenzhou WuInstitute of Transplantation Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
Hong ZhengNankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin, China.
Zhongyang ShenNankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Long-term immunosuppression following organ transplantation results in an elevated risk of malignancies in recipients, which constitutes a major factor limiting their long-term survival. Therefore, the development of immunosuppressant with anti-tumor efficacy holds critical significance. Icaritin (ICT), a clinically employed antitumor drug, enhances anti tumor immunity by reshaping the tumor immune microenvironment. Moreover, recent evidence highlights its immunomodulatory role in mitigating multiple autoimmune diseases. However, whether ICT can attenuate the allograft rejection remains poorly characterized. Methods: Fully major histocompatibility complex-mismatched heterotopic heart transplantation was conducted from BALB/c mice to C57BL/6J mice. The rejection of the allografts was assessed via H&E staining and immunohistochemistry. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and flow cytometry were carried out on recipient splenocytes. In vitro, isolated naïve CD4 Results: ICT markedly attenuated acute cardiac allograft rejection and enhanced graft survival. scRNA-seq and flow cytometric analyses revealed a significant reduction in the proportion of splenic Th1 cells in ICT-treated recipient mice. Conclusions: While exerting antitumor effects, ICT attenuates allograft rejection by targeting the CEBPB/PIM1 axis, thereby suppressing CD4

Indexed as

Antineoplastic AgentsFlavonoidsGraft RejectionHeart TransplantationImmunosuppressive AgentsAllograftsAnimalsCCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-betaGraft SurvivalMaleMiceMice, Inbred BALB CMice, Inbred C57BLTh1 CellsAntineoplastic AgentsCCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-betaFlavonoidsicaritinImmunosuppressive Agentsallograft rejectionhepatocellular carcinomaicaritinimmunosuppressanttumor recurrence

Identifiers

PMID41929489
PMCPMC13038598

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.