ArticleOncology research2026
Pre-Treatment BOC Expression as an Indicator of Lymphovascular Invasion and
Article in Oncology research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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4 authors.
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Abstract
Background: Upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is an aggressive malignancy with high recurrence rates. Lymphovascular invasion (LVI) predicts a poor prognosis, yet its molecular drivers remain unclear. BOC cell adhesion-associated, oncogene-regulated (BOC, also known as Brother of CDO [Cell adhesion molecule-Related/Down-regulated by Oncogenes]), a hedgehog-related cell surface receptor, may serve as a biomarker for tumor progression and chemotherapy response. The study aimed to investigate the role of BOC in UTUC and its potential to predict LVI and chemotherapy response. Methods: Sequencing (RNA-seq) of 10 stage III UTUC, treatment-naïve, fresh tissue samples identified BOC as a candidate biomarker, which was subsequently validated in 2 independent cohorts (n = 74). Functional assays using urothelial carcinoma cell lines assessed the impact of BOC knockdown on cell migration, proliferation, and drug sensitivity. Methylation-specific PCR (MSP) was used to identify potential regulatory sites influencing BOC expression, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis was conducted to compare BOC levels in high- and low-grade bladder cancer. Results: BOC expression was significantly higher in patients with lymphovascular invasion (LVI+, Conclusion: BOC may serve as a potential biomarker for predicting LVI and chemotherapy response in UTUC. Its involvement in cancer cell migration and association with high-grade tumors suggests its clinical relevance for prognosis and treatment stratification. Further validation in larger, multi-center studies is warranted.
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