Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41931213›Full record

ArticleMolecular biology reports2026

Reduction of virus isolation effectiveness from throat swab double positive to H1N1pdm09 and H3N2 influenza A virus strain with SARS-CoV-2 virus in cell cultures.

Rosaria Arvia, Valentina Tassone, Simone Giannecchini

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Molecular biology reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Rosaria ArviaDepartment of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
Valentina TassoneDepartment of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
Simone GiannecchiniDepartment of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy. simone.giannecchini@unifi.it.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundInfluenza virus isolation in cell cultures can be a foremost activity in the surveillance of the epidemiological characteristics involved in the vaccination strategies. METHODS AND

resultsHere, the virus isolation effectiveness from double positive throat swab to influenza A virus (H1N1pdm09 or H3N2) and SARS-CoV-2 compared to those obtained from single positive throat swab samples was investigated by serial passages of throat swabs samples in cell cultures. Viral replication and IFN-α, IL-1α, and IL-6 cytokine expression at three passages were measured by RT-PCR amplification. Virus isolation using a throat swab samples resulted double positive to influenza A virus (H1N1pdm09 or H3N2) and SARS-CoV-2 showed a different effectiveness compared to a throat samples single positive to each of these viruses. The virus isolation efficacy was independent from an active replication of the two viruses in the inoculum and showed a virus strain-specific reduction in cytokines profile compared to a single infection.

conclusionCollectively the results point out to take into account the presence of co-circulating respiratory viruses in human samples for virus isolation effectiveness.

Indexed as

Influenza A Virus, H1N1 SubtypeInfluenza A Virus, H3N2 SubtypePharynxSARS-CoV-2AnimalsBetacoronavirusCytokinesHumansInfluenza, HumanVirus ReplicationCytokinesCo-infectionCytokine mRNA expressionInfluenza virusSARS-CoV-2Virus interferenceVirus isolation

Identifiers

PMID41931213
PMCPMC13048908

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.