Evidence mapPaperPMID 41931554Full record

ArticlePloS one2026

Elucidating the binding mechanism of Caralluma tuberculata metabolites with type 2 diabetes targets through molecular docking and dynamics simulations.

Amir Ali, Zia-Ur-Rehman Mashwani, Ashfaq Ahmad, Juan Pedro Luna-Arias, Gabriela Medina-Pérez, Ajaz Ahmad

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Article in PloS one, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Amir AliDepartment of Botany, PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Pakistan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8436-3316
Zia-Ur-Rehman MashwaniDepartment of Botany, PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
Ashfaq AhmadDepartment of Bioinformatics, Faculty of Natural and Computational Sciences, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan.
Juan Pedro Luna-AriasDepartment of Cell Biology, Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Ph.D. Program, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City, Mexico.
Gabriela Medina-PérezInstitute of Agricultural Sciences, Autonomous University of the State of Hidalgo, Hidalgo, Mexico.
Ajaz AhmadDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionCaralluma tuberculata, a medicinal plant from the Apocynaceae family, has been traditionally used to manage diabetes due to its rich secondary metabolite content. METHODOLOGY: This study employed LC/ESI-MS/MS analysis to identify bioactive compounds in C. tuberculata, followed by in silico screening for their inhibitory effects on key carbohydrate-digesting enzymes-alpha-amylase, sucrase, and alpha-glucosidase associated with type 2 diabetes. A total of 57 compounds were evaluated through molecular docking, toxicity prediction, drug-likeness analysis, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations.

resultsAmong these, luteolin exhibited the highest binding affinities with amylase (-9.725 kcal/mol), sucrase (-8.19 kcal/mol), and alpha-glucosidase (-7.842 kcal/mol), while also demonstrating no predicted toxicity. MD simulations over 60 ns revealed stable root mean square deviation (RMSD) profiles for all protein-ligand complexes, confirming system stability. Free binding energy calculations (MM-PBSA and MM-GBSA) further suggested that luteolin had stronger, more stable interactions with amylase and sucrase compared to glucosidase.

conclusionThis study provides a comprehensive computational evaluation of luteolin derived from Caralluma tuberculata, offering detailed insights into its enzyme-specific interactions with key carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes relevant to type 2 diabetes. Although the results are promising, experimental and clinical validation is essential to confirm luteolin's therapeutic efficacy for managing type 2 diabetes.

Indexed as

ApocynaceaeDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Molecular Docking SimulationMolecular Dynamics Simulationalpha-Amylasesalpha-GlucosidasesHumansLuteolinPlant ExtractsProtein BindingSucrasealpha-Amylasesalpha-GlucosidasesLuteolinPlant ExtractsSucrase

Identifiers

PMID41931554
PMCPMC13048419

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.