ArticleNPJ science of learning2026
Learning to adaptively cooperate through social interactions during childhood and adolescence.
Article in NPJ science of learning, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Humans develop the ability to navigate social environments by recognizing others' behavioral patterns, which evolve across development. We asked how children adapt their learning strategies to opponents in a social dilemma (Chicken game), focusing on trial-by-trial, opponent-sensitive adaptation. Study 1 included preschoolers, while Study 2 examined school-age children and adolescents. Across ages, children adjusted their choices to their opponents, showing more cooperative behavior ("Swerve" choices) against high-competitive opponents and more competitive behavior ("Go straight" choices) against low-competitive opponents. Reinforcement learning model comparison suggested age-related changes in the relative support for reward-based versus belief-based accounts. These findings provide computational evidence consistent with developmental changes in how children adapt to competitive versus cooperative partners.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.