ArticleEuropean journal of clinical nutrition2026
The association between glucose dynamics and energy intake in young, healthy women.
Article in European journal of clinical nutrition, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundGlucose has been implicated in the control of appetite and food intake. This study investigated whether glycaemic patterns relate to energy intake and whether appetite-related hormones mediate this relationship.
methodsThirty healthy young women (age: 25 ± 4 years; BMI: 21.4 ± 2.0 kg/m
resultsCGM-derived glucose nadir (lowest concentration) and dip (deviation of nadir from baseline as a percentage) were significantly associated with subsequent energy intake. A higher glucose nadir was associated with lower energy intake (β = -0.17, p = 0.003), whereas a greater glucose dip was associated with higher energy intake (β = 0.007; p < 0.001). When standardised, a one standard deviation (SD) increases in glucose nadir corresponded to an approximately 13% reduction in energy intake, while a one-SD increase in glucose dip corresponded to an approximately 16% increase in energy intake. Glucose nadir (CGM: β = 0.23, p = 0.041; VPG: β = 0.26, p = 0.008) and dip (CGM: β = -0.01, p = 0.006; VPG: β = -0.012, p < 0.001) derived from both CGM and VPG were also significantly associated with overall satiety measured immediately before the ad libitum lunch. A one-SD increase in glucose nadir was associated with higher satiety (CGM: 20% increase; VPG: 20% increase), whereas a one-SD increase in glucose dip was associated with lower satiety (CGM: 15% reduction; VPG: 17% reduction). Causal mediation analyses provided no evidence that insulin, acylated ghrelin, total GLP-1, or oxyntomodulin mediated these associations (p ≥ 0.09).
conclusionsGlucose dynamics including nadir and dip may influence satiety and subsequent energy intake. These data support for a role of glucose in models of appetite regulation.
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