ReviewRheumatology international2026
Stroke in autoimmune rheumatic diseases.
Review in Rheumatology international, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Post-stroke rehabilitation in inflammatory rheumatic diseases: outcome measures, digital tools, and patient education perspectives.Rheumatology international · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Stroke is a major cause of mortality and long-term disability worldwide. Patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARDs) exhibit a significantly increased risk of both ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes, particularly at younger age. Systemic inflammation, immune-mediated vascular injury, antiphospholipid antibodies, accelerated atherosclerosis, and comorbidities contribute to this elevated cerebrovascular burden. This review aims to comprehensively overview stroke epidemiology, pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical characteristics, prevention strategies, and post-stroke rehabilitation in patients with ARDs. Literature searches were conducted using Medline/PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) databases up to February 1, 2026. Studies evaluating stroke incidence, risk factors, mechanistic pathways, prevention approaches, and rehabilitation in rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, ankylosing spondyloarthritis, systemic vasculitides, and Behçet disease were included. Stroke risk is markedly increased across ARDs, with relative risks ranging from 1.3 to 2.5, depending on disease subtype. Systemic lupus erythematosus and systemic vasculitides confer particularly high cerebrovascular risk, often presenting at younger age and associated with worse functional outcomes. Chronic systemic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, autoantibody-mediated thrombosis, genetic susceptibility, and accelerated atherosclerosis represent central mechanistic pathways. Certain immunomodulatory therapies may mitigate stroke risk through inflammation control, whereas others require careful cardiovascular risk assessment. Post-stroke recovery may be adversely influenced by persistent inflammatory activity and musculoskeletal comorbidities, underscoring the importance of multidisciplinary management. Early risk stratification, tight control of systemic inflammation, individualized immunomodulatory therapy, and structured rehabilitation strategies are essential to improve cerebrovascular outcomes in ARDs. Future research should focus on personalized risk prediction models and targeted preventive interventions in this high-risk population.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.