Evidence mapPaperPMID 41936670Full record

ArticleHeart and vessels2026

Preoperative frontal lobe and global cognitive function as predictors of postoperative delirium after cardiovascular surgery: a predictive and exploratory mediation analysis.

Haruto Kitano, Satoshi Katano, Tomohiro Nakajima, Ryohei Nagaoka, Kotaro Yamano, Aki Habaguchi, Junji Nakazawa, Tsuyoshi Shibata, Yutaka Iba

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Article in Heart and vessels, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Haruto Kitano *Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, 16-291, Minami 1 Jo-nishi, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8543, Japan.
Satoshi Katano *Division of Rehabilitation, Sapporo Medical University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan. s.katano@sapmed.ac.jp.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2562-1685
Tomohiro NakajimaDepartment of Surgery, Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, 16-291, Minami 1 Jo-nishi, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8543, Japan. t.nakajima@sapmed.ac.jp.
Ryohei NagaokaDivision of Rehabilitation, Sapporo Medical University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan.
Kotaro YamanoDivision of Rehabilitation, Sapporo Medical University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan.
Aki HabaguchiGraduate School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan.
Junji NakazawaDepartment of Surgery, Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, 16-291, Minami 1 Jo-nishi, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8543, Japan.
Tsuyoshi ShibataDepartment of Surgery, Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, 16-291, Minami 1 Jo-nishi, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8543, Japan.
Yutaka IbaDepartment of Surgery, Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, 16-291, Minami 1 Jo-nishi, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8543, Japan.

Funding

Japan Society for the Promotion of Science JP22K11288Japan Society for the Promotion of Science JP25K10715
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Postoperative delirium (POD) is a serious complication after cardiovascular surgery, and preoperative cognitive impairment is a well-established risk factor. However, the specific cognitive domains relevant to POD prediction remain unclear. This study investigated whether preoperative frontal lobe function, assessed by the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB), predicts POD in patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery and explored the potential mediating role of frontal executive function in the relationship between global cognitive function and POD. We retrospectively studied 105 patients (mean age 69 ± 12 years) undergoing cardiovascular surgery. Preoperative global cognitive and frontal lobe functions were assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the FAB, respectively. POD was diagnosed using the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit. POD occurred in 16 patients (15.2%). In univariate analysis, both lower FAB (odds ratio [OR], 0.75; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.60-0.92) and MMSE (OR, 0.78; 95% CI 0.63-0.97) predicted POD with similar effect sizes. After adjusting for age (≥ 65 years) and sex, FAB remained a significant predictor (adjusted OR, 0.79; 95% CI 0.62-0.99), whereas MMSE showed a similar magnitude of association that did not reach statistical significance (adjusted OR, 0.82; 95% CI 0.65-1.02). Exploratory mediation analysis suggested that FAB may partially mediate the MMSE-POD association (indirect effect: p = 0.029; proportion mediated, 55%), although these findings require cautious interpretation given the limited sample size. Both FAB and MMSE predict POD with comparable effect sizes. Frontal executive function may contribute to the cognitive pathway underlying POD risk, and prospective studies with larger samples are needed to validate these findings.

Indexed as

Cardiovascular surgeryCognitive functionFrontal assessment batteryFrontal lobe functionPostoperative delirium

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.