Evidence mapPaperPMID 41937148Full record

ArticleCardiovascular diabetology2026

Assessment of seven insulin resistance surrogate indexes for predicting cardiometabolic multimorbidity among Chinese middle-aged and older adults: a national prospective cohort study.

Jun Lai, Zongyan Liu, Huajie Wang, Xiaoqing Kong, Yufeng Wei, Yongxiao Cao

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Article in Cardiovascular diabetology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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3 · Its place in the literature

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1 citing paper in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Jun LaiDepartment of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China. laijunfriend@163.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0729-0883
Zongyan LiuDepartment of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.
Huajie WangDepartment of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.
Xiaoqing KongNational Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation of Chinese Herbal Medicine, State Key Laboratory for the Modernization of Classical and Famous Prescriptions of Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.
Yufeng WeiDepartment of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.
Yongxiao CaoDepartment of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China. yxy@xjtu.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3451-3747

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundCardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM) poses a mounting health challenge worldwide. Seven surrogate indexes of insulin resistance (IR)-the triglyceride-glucose index (TyG), TyG-body mass index (TyG-BMI), TyG-waist circumference (TyG-WC), Chinese visceral adiposity Index (CVAI), Metabolic score for IR (METS-IR), Atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), and estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR)-are well-established. However, comparative studies evaluating their predictive capacity for CMM incidence in Chinese middle-aged and older adults remain scarce. This study aimed to assess the associations between these seven IR indexes and CMM risk within this population and determine their relative predictive abilities.

methodsUtilizing the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) 2011-2020 datasets, this prospective cohort investigation assessed Chinese participants aged ≥ 45 years. We applied Kaplan-Meier curve plotting, multivariable Cox proportional hazards models, and restricted cubic splines (RCS) to quantify associations of insulin resistance surrogate indexes with CMM risk. Predictive accuracy was appraised via time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, net reclassification improvement (NRI), and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI). Subgroup evaluations further verified findings robustness.

resultsDuring a median follow-up of 9 years, 1043 (14.49%) of the 7197 participants developed CMM. After adjusting for potential confounders, we observed that each standard deviation (SD) increase in eGDR was associated with a reduced risk of CMM, with an adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 0.834 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.781-0.891]. In contrast, each SD increase in TyG, TyG-BMI, TyG-WC, METS-IR, AIP and CVAI were associated with an increased risk of CMM. Restricted cubic spline analyses showed that TyG-BMI, TyG-WC, METS-IR, and eGDR were nonlinear associated with incident new-onset CMM (P-nonlinearity < 0.05). eGDR showed a L-shaped association (P-nonlinearity < 0.05), with CMM risk decreasing until the inflection point at 11.82 (HR = 0.758; 95% CI: 0.702-0.818). Conversely, TyG-WC displayed a U-shaped relationship (inflection point: 572.14). Moreover, the time-dependent AUC analysis revealed that eGDR exhibited superior predictive discrimination (AUC 0.68-0.76) during early follow-up and across all intervals. The optimal cut-off value for eGDR was determined to be 7.64.

conclusionAll seven insulin resistance surrogate indexes independently demonstrated elevated CMM risk. In the context of Chinese middle-aged and elderly cohorts, eGDR demonstrated a notable predictive capacity for CMM. ROC-derived cut-offs (eGDR < 7.64) are utilised for identifying high-risk individuals requiring intervention. Spline-derived thresholds (eGDR = 11.82) serve as therapeutic targets for risk reduction.

Indexed as

Blood GlucoseCardiovascular DiseasesInsulin ResistanceMetabolic SyndromeAdiposityAgedAge FactorsBiomarkersBody Mass IndexCardiometabolic Risk FactorsChinaEast Asian PeopleFemaleHumansIncidenceMaleBiomarkersBlood GlucoseTriglyceridesCardiometabolic multimorbidityChina Health and Retirement Longitudinal StudyInsulin resistance surrogate indexMiddle-aged and older adult

Identifiers

PMID41937148
PMCPMC13067570

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.