Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41938020›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in sports and active living2026

Effects of aerobic exercise on approach-avoidance responses and prefrontal activity in individuals with tobacco dependence.

Hongen Liu, Yingying Zhang, Bin Zhang, Si Zhang, Yanbai Han, Zhao Xu

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in sports and active living, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Hongen LiuGuangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.
Yingying ZhangShandong Sports University, Jinan, China.
Bin ZhangShandong Sports University, Jinan, China.
Si ZhangShandong Sports University, Jinan, China.
Yanbai HanGuangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.
Zhao XuShandong Sports University, Jinan, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Objective: This study examined whether smokers exhibit an approach bias toward smoking-related cues and investigated the effects of acute aerobic exercise on modifying this behavioral tendency and its associated prefrontal cortical activity. Methods: In Experiment 1, a stimulus-response compatibility task was used to compare approach-avoidance behaviors between smokers ( Results: Smokers demonstrated a significant approach bias toward smoking-related cues, and the magnitude of this bias was positively associated with nicotine dependence levels. Acute aerobic exercise significantly altered the cognitive processing underlying this bias, evidenced by reduced behavioral approach bias scores and decreased prefrontal activation in response to smoking cues. Conclusion: Acute aerobic exercise temporarily strengthens smokers' cognitive control over smoking-related cues, attenuates approach bias, and improves prefrontal cortical function. These findings provide empirical support for incorporating aerobic exercise into smoking cessation interventions.

Indexed as

aerobic exerciseapproach biasfNIRSprefrontal cortexsmoking-related cuestobacco dependence

Identifiers

PMID41938020
PMCPMC13047104

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.