Evidence mapPaperPMID 41938108Full record

ArticleFrontiers in endocrinology2026

The dual role of urinary C-peptide/creatinine ratio: predicting insulin resistance in non-diabetic adults and microvascular complications risk in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Shufen Yin, Ling Zhong, Lanyu Gao, Qing Shao, Liu Wang, Yuwei Zhang

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Article in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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5 · Who and what money

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6 authors.

Shufen YinDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Ling ZhongDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Lanyu GaoDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Qing ShaoDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Liu WangDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Yuwei ZhangDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background and purpose: Insulin resistance (IR) is a key driver of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) onset, and diabetic microvascular complications (DMC) represent its poor prognosis. However, simple and non-invasive screening methods for detection of IR and DMC are limited. The urinary C-peptide/creatinine ratio (UCPCR) can be used to measure β-cell function, and we aimed to evaluate its utility as a surrogate marker for IR in non-diabetic individuals and for DMC risk in patients with T2DM. Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 447 individuals (255 non-diabetic adults and 192 T2DM patients) from November 2023 to September 2025. The non-diabetic cohort was divided into IR and non-IR groups according to the Matsuda index. The diabetic cohort was divided into DMC and non-DMC groups. Fasting UCPCR (0hUCPCR) and 2-h post-OGTT/steamed bread meal (2hUCPCR) were measured. Multiple regression analysis was used to describe the association between UCPCR and the Matsuda index or DMC. Diagnostic accuracy was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results: In the non-diabetic individuals, both 0hUCPCR and 2hUCPCR were higher in the IR group, and they were negatively associated with the Matsuda index ( Conclusion: Both 0hUCPCR and 2hUCPCR are promising markers for IR in non-diabetic adults, and 2hUCPCR is associated with lower risk of DMC in T2DM patients. Coupled with their practical advantages of simplicity and non-invasiveness, UCPCRs are promising tools for future large-scale screening in at-risk populations.

Indexed as

C-PeptideCreatinineDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Diabetic AngiopathiesInsulin ResistanceAdultAgedBiomarkersCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPrognosisRisk FactorsROC CurveBiomarkersC-PeptideCreatinine2-hour postprandial urinary C-peptide/creatinine ratiodiabetic microvascular complicationsfasting urinary C-peptide/creatinine ratioinsulin resistancepredictive value

Identifiers

PMID41938108
PMCPMC13043426

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.