Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41938301›Full record

ArticleAACE endocrinology and diabetes

Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion Versus Multiple Daily Injections for Glycemic Control in Pediatric Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Trial Sequential Analysis.

Ernesto Calderon Martinez, Stephin Zachariah Saji, Michelle Sámano Sánchez, Maigualida Nieto, Ahmad Hammoud, España De la Rosa-Valdez, Gabriela Briceno Silva, Victor Sebastian Arruarana, Andrea Newman Molina, Camila Sanchez Cruz and 2 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in AACE endocrinology and diabetes. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Ernesto Calderon MartinezDepartment of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas.
Stephin Zachariah SajiFaculty of Medicine, Our Lady of Fatima University College of Medicine, Valenzuela, Philippines.
Michelle Sámano SánchezCollege of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Sinaloa, Mexico.
Maigualida NietoFaculty of Medicine, Central University of Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela.
Ahmad HammoudFaculty of Medicine, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia.
España De la Rosa-ValdezFaculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico.
Gabriela Briceno SilvaFaculty of Medicine, Universidad de Oriente Núcleo Anzoátegui, Barcelona, Venezuela.
Victor Sebastian ArruaranaDepartment of Internal medicine, Brookdale University Hospital, New York, New York.
Andrea Newman MolinaDepartment of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio.
Camila Sanchez CruzFaculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.
Jairo Arturo NoreñaDivision of Endocrinology, Gerontology and Metabolism, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.
Ricardo Correa MarquezDepartment of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Objective: To compare glycemic control and metabolic outcomes between multiple daily injections (MDIs) and continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) in pediatric type 1 diabetes mellitus. Methods: Searches were conducted in PubMed MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, CNKI, CINAHL, Cochrane, and EMBASE on 02/2025. A systematic review followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Outcomes included HbA1c levels, total daily dose, diabetic ketoacidosis, hypoglycemia events, body mass index change, and adverse events. Statistical analysis was performed using R version 3.4.3. Results: Eighteen randomized controlled trials (1229 participants) were analyzed. CSII compared to MDI significantly reduced HbA1c (MD = -0.37%; 95% CI: -0.62 to -0.12; Conclusion: Our meta-analysis confirms CSII achieves superior HbA1c reduction versus MDI in pediatric type 1 diabetes, as supported by trial sequential analysis. However, evidence for insulin requirements remains inconclusive, highlighting the need for larger trials and personalized treatment considering patient preferences and accessibility.

Indexed as

continuous subcutaneous insulin infusioninsulin therapymeta-analysismultiple daily injectionspediatric diabetestype 1 diabetes mellitus

Identifiers

PMID41938301
PMCPMC13043489

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.