Evidence mapPaperPMID 41938855Full record

ArticleFrontiers in psychiatry2026

Disentangling depression in women with diabetes: evidence for measure-dependent associations with interleukin-4 and common inflammatory biomarkers.

Nicole Beaulieu Perez, Paula Gordillo Sierra, Jackie Finik, Jason Fletcher, David B Hanna, Anjali Sharma, Kathryn Anastos, Leah H Rubin, Gail D'Eramo Melkus, Bradley Aouizerat

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in psychiatry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Nicole Beaulieu PerezRory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, New York, NY, United States.
Paula Gordillo SierraRory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, New York, NY, United States.
Jackie FinikRory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, New York, NY, United States.
Jason FletcherRory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, New York, NY, United States.
David B HannaDepartments of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States.
Anjali SharmaDepartments of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States.
Kathryn AnastosDepartments of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States.
Leah H RubinDepartments of Neurology, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, and Molecular and Cellular Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
Gail D'Eramo MelkusRory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, New York, NY, United States.
Bradley AouizeratRory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, New York, NY, United States.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Women living with type 2 diabetes (T2D) face elevated risks for depression and its consequences, including early mortality, yet depression is underrecognized in this population. Depression is a heterogeneous phenotype lacking objective diagnostic biomarkers, with symptoms spanning multiple inconsistently assessed dimensions across various measures. Converging evidence implicates inflammation in depression and links depression with T2D. Here, we explored associations between inflammation and various measures and dimensions of depressive symptoms. Methods: This cross-sectional pilot study enrolled 38 women with T2D from the MACS/WIHS Combined Cohort Study (MWCCS) Bronx site from 2022-2023. Serum inflammatory biomarkers (hsCRP, INF- Results: Participants were on average 61.4 ( Conclusions: While preliminary, our findings suggest that associations between inflammatory biomarkers and depression may not be consistent across all depressive measures or symptom dimensions. Although larger samples with repeated measures are needed, findings from this exploratory study suggest that including inflammatory measures beyond hsCRP and IL-6, together with tools that capture distinct depressive symptom dimensions, may help to inform future precision mental health research.

Indexed as

affective disordersdepressiondepressive symptomsHIVinflammationmetabolic healthtype 2 diabeteswomen

Identifiers

PMID41938855
PMCPMC13047129

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.