Evidence mapPaperPMID 41939144Full record

ReviewFrontiers in aging2026

Targeting innate immunity to modulate bone metabolism: a novel strategy for osteoporosis treatment.

Wenjie Kou, Xiaomin Lu, Zhe Zhang, Kaiwen Liu, Zhihuan Liu, Bin Jiang, Hongping Wang, Jishu Li, Hu Lu, Chenglong Guo and 2 more

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in aging, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Wenjie KouGansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
Xiaomin LuGansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
Zhe ZhangGansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
Kaiwen LiuGansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
Zhihuan LiuGansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
Bin JiangGansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
Hongping WangLongnan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Longnan, Gansu, China.
Jishu LiGansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
Hu LuGansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
Chenglong GuoAffiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
Linzhong CaoGansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
Xiaogang ZhangAffiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Osteoporosis is a systemic metabolic bone disorder characterized by reduced bone mass and impaired microarchitecture, with its core pathological mechanism being an imbalance between bone formation and resorption. Traditional therapies targeting osteoblast/osteoclast function have limited efficacy and safety concerns. Recent osteoimmunology advances reveal that the innate immune system regulates bone homeostasis via intercellular interactions, cytokine networks, and metabolic reprogramming. This systematic review examines the roles of innate immune cells (macrophages, neutrophils, NK cells, DCs), complement system, and emerging pathways (trained immunity, mitochondrial symbiosis disruption) in osteoporosis. It summarizes therapeutic strategies (immunometabolic modulators, complement antagonists, cytokine-targeted drugs, TCM components) and outlines challenges (target specificity, clinical translation) and future directions, providing theoretical foundations for novel OP treatments.

Indexed as

bone metabolismcomplement systeminnate immunitymacrophagesosteoporosistargeted therapytrained immunity

Identifiers

PMID41939144
PMCPMC13047106

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.