Evidence mapPaperPMID 41939519Full record

ArticleThe Pan African medical journal2025

Impact of immediate-release versus extended-release metformin on lipid profile and body measurements in Saudi patients with type 2 diabetes: a prospective cohort study.

Hisham Alshadfan, Hyder Mirghani, Tariq Alrasheed, Mansuor Alanazi, Muhammad Nazrul Hakim Abdullah

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Article in The Pan African medical journal, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Hisham AlshadfanDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Hyder MirghaniDepartment of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.
Tariq AlrasheedDepartment of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.
Mansuor AlanaziDepartment of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.
Muhammad Nazrul Hakim AbdullahDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.

Funding

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6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: dyslipidemia and obesity frequently accompany type 2 diabetes, contributing to cardiovascular risk. Metformin, beyond its effects on glycemic control, can also influence lipid metabolism and weight. Immediate-release (IR) and extended-release (XR) metformin may have differential effects on lipid profile and anthropometric measures. The study aimed to compare the effects of metformin IR versus XR on lipid parameters and body measurements in patients with type 2 diabetes in Saudi Arabia. Methods: a prospective 6-month cohort study included 119 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients (62 on metformin IR and 57 on metformin XR) at a Saudi hospital. Fasting lipid profile (T-Chol, TGs, HDL-C, and LDL-C) and body weight/BMI were measured at baseline and after 6 months of metformin treatment. Within-group changes and between-group differences were analysed. Results: both groups showed modest improvements in their lipid profile. Metformin XR use was associated with a greater reduction in total cholesterol (-7.8% vs. -5.8% with IR) and LDL-C (-8.7% vs. -5.7% with IR). After 6 months, mean LDL-C was significantly lower in the XR group (102.3 ± 37.5 mg/dL) compared to the IR group (116.9 ± 36.0 mg/dL, p=0.032). Triglyceride and HDL-C levels changed minimally and were similar between groups. Neither IR nor XR had a significant impact on body weight or BMI: both groups remained essentially weight-neutral (average weight change <1 kg over 6 months). Final mean BMI was 30.4 ± 5.9 kg/m Conclusion: metformin XR was associated with short-term benefits in reducing total and LDL cholesterol levels compared to IR, likely attributable to more stable plasma drug concentrations that enhance lipid metabolism. Both formulations exhibited similar effects on triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, and body weight, reaffirming metformin's overall neutral impact on weight. These findings suggest that metformin XR may offer a marginal reduction in cardiovascular risk through superior LDL cholesterol lowering, while preserving the weight-neutral profile characteristic of metformin therapy.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Hypoglycemic AgentsLipidsMetforminAdultBody Mass IndexBody WeightCohort StudiesDelayed-Action PreparationsDyslipidemiasFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedObesityProspective StudiesDelayed-Action PreparationsHypoglycemic AgentsLipidsMetforminbody measurementslipid profilemetformin extended-releasemetformin immediate-releaseType 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID41939519
PMCPMC13044234

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.